“…IntroductionOverviewScales and DimensionsNight SkyConstellationsEarth, Sun, and the Solar SystemRetrograde Motion of PlanetsSidereal TimeAstronomical Catalogs and SoftwareObservationsElectromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic SpectrumTelescopesRefractor TelescopeReflecting TelescopeObservations at Visible FrequenciesTheoretical Limit on ResolutionSeeingMounting of TelescopeEquatorial MountAzimuthal MountInterferometerObservations at Other WavelengthsAstrometryCoordinate SystemsThe Horizontal SystemEquatorial Coordinate SystemEcliptic SystemGalactic Coordinate SystemSupergalactic Coordinate SystemSpace Velocity and Proper Motion of StarsDoppler EffectParallaxAberrationCoordinate TransformationsTransformation between Equatorial and Ecliptic Coordinate SystemsPrecession of EquinoxesEquatorial Mounting of a TelescopePhotometryIntroductionFlux Density and IntensityBlackbody RadiationEnergy Density in an Isotropic Radiation FieldMagnitude ScaleApparent MagnitudeAbsolute MagnitudeThe Color IndexBolometric MagnitudeStellar TemperaturesEffective TemperatureColor TemperatureAppendix: Solid AngleGravitation and Kepler's LawsTwo-Body ProblemApplication to Solar SystemVirial TheoremTidal Forces and Roche LimitStars, Stellar Spectra, and ClassificationIntroductionStellar Spectra Harvard Classification of Stellar SpectraSaha Equation Derivation of the Saha Equation Number of States of a Free Particle in a BoxHR DiagramStar Clusters and AssociationsDistance and Age Determination of Clusters using Color-Magnitude DiagramRadiation from Astronomical SourcesContinuous SpectraSynchrotron RadiationBremsstrahlungCompton ScatteringBound-Free TransitionsAbsorption and Emission Line SpectrumRadial Velocity due to Doppler EffectCauses of Finite Width of Spectral LinesMolecular Band SpectraExtinctionExtinction CoefficientColor ExcessStellar StructurePressure GradientMass DistributionEnergy ProductionTemperature GradientRadiative TransportConvective TransportBoundary ConditionsRosseland Mean OpacityEquation of StateIdeal Gas LawStellar Energy SourcesAppendix: Maxwell-Boltzmann DistributionStellar Nuclear ReactionsFundamental InteractionsFundamental ParticlesA Brief Introduction to NeutrinosPP Chain Nuclear Reaction RateNuclear Reaction Rate: DerivationNuclear Cross-SectionEstimating the Nuclear Reaction RateEnergy Released in Nuclear ReactionsStandard Solar ModelStar Formation and Stellar EvolutionEarly Stage of Star FormationFragmentationEvolution on the Main SequenceDegenerate Free Electron GasEvolution beyond the Main SequencePopulation I and II StarsWhite DwarfsNeutron StarBlack HolesSupernovaThe SunSolar AtmospherePhotosphereChromosphereCoronaDynamo Mechanism for Magnetic Field EnhancementSunspots and the Solar CycleSome Transient Phenomena The Solar SystemOrbital Properties of PlanetsRetrograde Motion of PlanetsAlbedo and Temperature of PlanetsTerrestrial Planets: Interior StructureJovian PlanetsThe MoonEclipses and OccultationsWhy Did Pluto Lose Its Planetship?…”
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“…The Tera Hertz band covers the frequency range between 100 GHz and 10 THz of the electromagnetic spectrum. One important feature of THz radiation is its correspondence with the particle size of the fine fraction of soil minerals (clay < 2 µm to sand < 2 mm). …”
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“…Holographic superconductors have been studied so far in the absence of dynamical electromagnetic fields, namely in the limit in which they coincide with holographic superfluids. …”
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“…With the data set recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector, a large multi-purpose detector located at the LHC, the electron positron pair mass spectrum was measured up to high masses in the TeV range. …”
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“…The CMS Preshower is part of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) system. It is a sampling calorimeter that was installed to improve π(0) rejection in the forward direction. …”
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“…Physics of the Plasma Universe, 2nd Edition is an update of observations made across the entire cosmic electromagnetic spectrum over the two decades since the publication of the first edition. …”
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“…These include differential measurements of the exclusive di-muon production cross-section, which are crucial for setting constraints on the initial photon spectrum for all UPC measurements at the LHC; measurements of light-by-light scattering, which result in an observation of this elusive Standard Model process and set competitive limits on the parameter space for axion-like particles; measurements of electromagnetic di-muon production in non-UPC Pb+Pb collisions, which are sensitive to the structure of the initial EM fields and possibly EM content of the created Quark-Gluon Plasma; and measurements of collective behavior in high-multiplicity photo-nuclear collisions.…”
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“…This will be seen as a clear peak in the Fourier transform spectrum of the pair-production rate signal, which can be obtained with 3 hours of measurement. …”
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“…The bound state in the continuum (BIC) has paved a new way to achieve excellent localization of the resonant mode coexisting with a continuous spectrum in the metasurface. Here, we propose an all-dielectric metasurface consisting of periodic pairs of asymmetric crosses that supports multiple Fano resonances. …”
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“…Due to the growing scarcity of spectrum resources in the low-frequency band, the requirement of beam-reconfigurable antennas in the millimeter wave band is urgent. …”
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“…The selection of anisotropic silver core, specifically Ag nanocubes, was driven by the possibility to tune LSPR across a broader range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The thickness of the Cu(2)O shell was intentionally changed through the variation in the Cu salt to the metal core nanoparticles ratios. …”
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“…The terahertz gap has a frequency ranges from ∼0.3 THz to ∼10 THz in the electromagnetic spectrum which is in between microwave and infrared. …”
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“…Recently, many fascinating properties predicted for metamaterials (negative refraction, superlensing, electromagnetic cloaking,…) were experimentally demonstrated. …”
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“…Superficially, CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) is similar to other thin-film photovoltaic materials: a semiconductor with an optical band gap in the optimal region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Microscopically, the material is more unconventional. …”
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“…It is an important basis for spectrum management to predict accurately the change trend of parameters in the electromagnetic environment, which can help decision makers to adopt an optimal action. …”
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“…The aim of this paper is to present a pervasive radio mapping system which captures (senses) data regarding the radio spectrum, using low-cost wireless sensor nodes. This data is the input of radio mapping algorithms that generate electromagnetic propagation profiles. …”
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“…Secondly, the resonator is open (no reflecting walls are utilized) and resonant effects can be found in a continuous spectrum (i.e. a continuum of eigenmodes). Thirdly, we only need one homogenous medium to realize the proposed resonator. …”
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“…Here, we develop an analytical framework for the engineering of single-photon superradiance in extended media applicable across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and show how it can be used to tailor the properties of an artificial quantum system. …”
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“…The best random lasing properties were noticed in Au@AgNRs structure, which exhibits broad absorption spectrum, sufficiently overlapping with that of dye Rhodamine B (RhB). …”
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