“…KEY MESSAGES: • Healthcare professionals have the responsibility of disseminating information in an understandable manner; government and authorities should implement laws to tackle the dissemination of fake news. • Social media companies (and their most famous users, the ‘influencers'), should take stronger actions to contain the dissemination of fake news.…”
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“…A total of 391 samples of genuine and counterfeit artesunate collected in Vietnam (75), Cambodia (48), Lao PDR (115), Myanmar (Burma) (137) and the Thai/Myanmar border (16), were available for analysis. Sixteen different fake hologram types were identified. High-performance liquid chromatography and/or mass spectrometry confirmed that all specimens thought to be counterfeit (195/391, 49.9%) on the basis of packaging contained no or small quantities of artesunate (up to 12 mg per tablet as opposed to ∼ 50 mg per genuine tablet). …”
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“…This paper presents an improved formulation of the extant information-theoretic models of deceptions, a framework for incorporating these models of deception into game and decision theoretic models of deception, and applies these models and this framework in an agent based evolutionary simulation that models two very common deception types employed in “fake news” attacks. The simulation results for both deception types modelled show, as observed empirically in many social systems subjected to “fake news” attacks, that even a very small population of deceivers that transiently invades a much larger population of non-deceiving agents can strongly alter the equilibrium behaviour of the population in favour of agents playing an always defect strategy. …”
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“…However, its rapid development and widespread also have provided an excellent convenience for the range of fake news, people are constantly exposed to fake news and suffer from it all the time. …”
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“…In the rubber hand illusion (RHI), the subject recognizes a fake hand as his or her own. We recently found that the observation of embodied fake hand movement elicited mu-rhythm (8–13 Hz) desynchronization on electroencephalography (EEG), suggesting brain activation in the sensorimotor regions. …”
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“…One of the challenges today is to face fake news (false information) in health due to its potential impact on people’s lives. …”
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“…The automation of fake news detection is the focus of a great deal of scientific research. …”
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“…Users play a critical role in the creation and propagation of fake news online by consuming and sharing articles with inaccurate information either intentionally or unintentionally. …”
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“…We introduce a formal mathematical model to understand factors influencing the behavior of social media users when encountering fake news. The model illustrates that direct efforts by social media platforms and governments, along with informal pressure from social networks, can reduce the likelihood that users who encounter fake news embrace and further circulate it. …”
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“…Next, participants watched 20 videos of smiling persons and rated whether they show a real or a fake smile. In line with the original study, results showed that participants in the exclusion condition performed better than in the control condition. …”
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“…Predatory journals and fake conferences are common. Social media is full of false information, which results in serious public health damage. …”
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“…Politically oriented “fake news”—false stories or headlines created to support or attack a political position or person—is increasingly being shared and believed on social media. …”
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“…Disinformation (fake news) is a major problem that affects modern populations, especially in an era when information can be spread from one corner of the world to another in just one click. …”
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“…Checking off a particular news article is genuine or fake is not easy for any end user. Search engines like Google are also not capable of telling about the fakeness of any news article due to its restriction with limited query keywords. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The demand for fake braces usage in Southeast Asia are increasing but lack of certification and information on fake braces as medical devices from regulated bodies raised a concern towards its safety. …”
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