“…We survey the issue of opinion spamming and fake review detection and focus on both sides of fake review groups, i.e., how to detect such groups but also how to set up a group that might be undetected with current methods. …”
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“…The increased incidence of fake and falsified product distribution is one of these problems with tremendous impact, especially in low- and middle-income countries. …”
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“…The more people were able to think analytically, the less credulous they were as reflected in the lower acceptance of fake profile as accurate.…”
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“…The understanding of the drivers of fake news and quick policies oriented to isolate and rebate misinformation are keys to combating it. …”
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“…Most of the participants seemed to worry about the fake news phenomenon and agreed that fake news on COVID-19 is being spread in the media and especially social networks. …”
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“…Tau ID efficiency and jet $\to$ tau fake-rates measured in the 2012 data are compared to the Monte Carlo simulation, for different tau ID discriminators.…”
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“…These methods include embedding for true tau backgrounds, and matrix methods for fake tau and lepton backgrounds.…”
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“…The analysis of QCD jets produced in LHC for fake-rate studies processed 36pb−1 of data registered during year 2010. …”
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“…The small clusters, and multiple hits per layer, can then be used in track reconstruction to improve tracking efficiency and reduce fake rates. Several mechanical solutions are also being considered for each of the extended and inclined designs. …”
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“…The data are also used to demonstrate that the event-byevent correlation of backgrounds seen by the Beam Conditions Monitor and fake jets seen in the calorimeters in halo-related background events is very weak. …”
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“…This upgrade, which aims at suppressing the fake muon triggers from non-pointing tracks, foresees the installation of a New Small Wheel (NSW) detector in the endcap region. …”
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“…Arguably, the dissemination of science communication has recently entered a new age in which science must compete for public attention with fake news, alternate facts, and pseudoscience. This clash is particularly evident on social media. …”
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“…Recently scientists have been targets of pseudo journals (fake, hijacked or predatory journals). These journals provide a low barrier to publication and quick publication times compared to high quality journals and exploit the pay-to-publish system in order to charge publication fees but they provide no formal peer-review. …”
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“…We analyze the stability and likelihood of evolution of such a “guilt-prone” strategy against cooperators, defectors, grim triggers, and individuals who offer fake apologies, but continue to defect. We find that in evolutionary models guilty apology is more likely to evolve in cases where actors interact repeatedly over long periods of time, where the costs of apology are low or moderate, and where guilt is hard to fake. …”
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“…The study also reveals a very high percentage of respondents who trust fake news claims.…”
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“…Then, we analyzed the emotional expression in the original and faked versions of video recordings for all performers in the database. …”
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“…Well-trained forward and backward GANs create fake FEM and ML images that appear authentic to observers; a convolutional neural network is used to postulate precise PSIFs from fake images. …”
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“…Two exceptions were Realism Scepticism, which had slightly low test-retest reliability, and the Fake subscale, for which support for construct validity was lacking. …”
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“…Second, we analyze the impact of political communities on information diffusion and in particular on their role in the fake news phenomena. We measure a differential echo chamber effect on the different types of political news (fake news, debunks, standard news) caused by the community structure and emphasize the importance of addressing the meso-structures of political networks in understanding the fake news phenomena. …”
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“…Describe patterns in the dissemination of fake news in the context of COVID-19 mortality and infodemic management in six Latin American countries. …”
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