“…To overcome this limitation, we gave 40 participants two versions of a novel Flanker-Go/No-go task, where we presented three-face stimuli with a central target and two task-irrelevant flankers that could be congruent or incongruent with the target for valence and gender. …”
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“…In Study 3, flankers were asynchronously presented either 300 ms or 1000 ms before probes. …”
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“…Inner–outer asymmetry, where the outer flanker induces stronger crowding than the inner flanker, is a hallmark property of visual crowding. …”
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“…Subjects performed both target luminance and orientation discrimination tasks in separate blocks while both flanker hue (green or red flankers) and orientation (vertical or horizontal flankers) were manipulated as a function of target–flanker separation. …”
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“…When observers mistake the identity of a target among flanker objects, they often report a flanker. Many have taken these flanker reports as evidence of internal substitution of the target by a flanker. …”
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“…Crowding refers to the failure to identify a peripheral object due to nearby objects (flankers). A hallmark of crowding is inner–outer asymmetry; that is, the outer flanker (more peripheral) produces stronger interference than the inner one. …”
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“…To investigate this issue, the present study adopts the between-subjects design to carry out three experiments, where subjects were separately informed to perform the Stroop, word Flanker, and letter Flanker tasks. The results showed that congruency sequence effect occurred in the congruent and incongruent trials in the Stroop and word Flanker tasks, respectively, and absented in the letter Flanker task, which is interpreted as the differences in the nature and difficulty of the tasks. …”
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“…Crowding occurs when surrounding objects (flankers) impair target perception. A key property of crowding is the weaker interference when target and flankers strongly differ on a given dimension. …”
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“…In some of the trials, a flanker stimulus preceded the search array that either matched the color of the target (relevant-flanker capture) or appeared in a different color (irrelevant-flanker capture). …”
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“…Exploratory data analysis suggests that this effect is not only related to a more difficult language processing but also to the previous (n-1) Flanker item. Indeed, results showed that incongruent n-1 Flanker items led to a facilitation of the incongruent synchronized Flanker items only when ambiguous sentences were conjointly presented. …”
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“…We also identified interaction between valence and arousal in shaping reaction latencies. We found the flanker congruency effect. We did not find interactions between emotional factors and flanker congruency. …”
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“…Results showed faster correct response times during θ-tACS in the hand-flanker compared with γ-tACS (40 Hz) and sham. Importantly, such an effect did not emerge in the letter-flanker. …”
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“…Fifteen human volunteers performed a single (Flanker or Simon) conflict task or a double (Flanker and Simon) conflict task in a combined functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) study. …”
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“…The revised flanker task showed the flanker effect for response time, but not for accuracy. …”
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“…The anticipation of this performance-contingent reward increased response speed and reduced the flanker effect, but had little influence on the sequential modulation of the flanker effect after incompatible trials. …”
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“…One dot appears in the same location as the flanker, and one appears in an empty location during the flanker task. …”
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“…For simple objects, crowding is strong when target/flanker elements are similar and weak when they differ – a selectivity for target-flanker similarity. …”
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“…The modified Flanker task, consisting of congruent (target and flanker stimuli are the same) and incongruent (target and flanker stimuli are different) conditions, was used to evaluate error-monitoring abilities. …”
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“…In the binocular condition, the flanker stimuli were presented to both eyes, and, in the monocular condition, only to the dominant eye. …”
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