“…Amphioxus frontal eye pigment cells and photoreceptors were proposed to be homologous to vertebrate photoreceptors and retinal pigmented epithelium, based on ultrastructural morphology and gene expression analysis in B. floridae. Here, we present comparative molecular data using two additional amphioxus species, a closely related B. lanceolatum, and the most divergent A. lucayanum. …”
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“…Alcohol dehydrogenase class III (ADH3) recognises S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the main reservoir of non-protein S-nitrosothiol, and functions as an effective GSNO reductase (GSNOR) and as a safeguard against nitrosative stress. To investigate the evolutionary conservation of this metabolic role, we have produced recombinant Branchiostoma floridae ADH3. …”
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“…The oribatid mite genus Galumna (Oribatida, Galumnidae) is recorded for the first time in Nepal. A new species, Galumna tetraporosa sp. n., is described from soil of secondary mixed broadleaved forest. …”
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“…A GFP has been recently discovered in the pigmentless chordate Branchiostoma floridae (amphioxus) that shows intense fluorescence mainly in the head region. …”
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“…Amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), whose genome was recently sequenced, occupies a unique position in the evolution of innate immunity, having diverged within the chordate lineage prior to the emergence of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates. …”
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“…With the Hox cluster of amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) we have the best prototypical, least derived Hox cluster for the group, whilst the urochordates present us with some of the most highly derived and disintegrated clusters. …”
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“…RESULTS: VCBP genes 1, 2, 4, and 5 are encoded in a single contiguous gene-rich chromosomal region and VCBP3 is encoded in a separate locus. …”
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“…Nonetheless, we showed that in the otherwise prototypical cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), the Hox cluster contains a fourteenth Hox gene, and very recently, a 14(th) Hox paralogous group has been found in the coelacanth and the horn shark, suggesting that the amphioxus cluster was anticipating the finding of Hox 14 in some vertebrate lineages. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. …”
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“…In this study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing of separated blastomeres to examine asymmetrically localized transcripts in two-cell and eight-cell stage embryos of the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae. We identified 111 and 391 differentially enriched transcripts at the 2-cell stage and the 8-cell stage, respectively, and used in situ hybridization to validate the spatial distribution patterns for a subset of these transcripts. …”
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“…We investigated the evolution of these genetic networks by conducting an exhaustive survey of components of the retinoid and steroid pathways in the genome of the invertebrate chordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae). Due to its phylogenetic position at the base of chordates, amphioxus is a very useful model to identify and study chordate versus vertebrate innovations, both on a morphological and a genomic level. …”
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“…Using a SelGenAmic-based selenoprotein identification method, 178 selenoprotein genes were identified in 6 invertebrates: Amphimedon queenslandica, Trichoplax adhaerens, Nematostella vectensis, Lottia gigantean, Capitella teleta, and Branchiostoma floridae. …”
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“…Additionally, the disulfide bond formation protein A (DsbA) was firstly identified as a selenoprotein in the ancient chordates of Ciona intestinalis, Ciona savignyi and Branchiostoma floridae, while selenoprotein DsbAs had only been found in bacteria and green algae before. …”
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“…Lancelet (amphioxus) represents the most basally divergent extant chordate (cephalochordates) that diverged from the other two chordate lineages (urochordates and vertebrates) more than half a billion years ago. As it occupies a key position in evolution, it is considered as one of the best proxies for understanding the chordate ancestral state. …”
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“…A single full-length paralemmin homolog with this motif was identified in the genome of the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and an isolated putative paralemmin motif could be detected in the genome of the lancelet Branchiostoma floridae. …”
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“…In this study, we investigated whether there is direct evidence for size-assortative mating in two species of pipefishes, Syngnathus floridae and S. typhle, that share the characteristics of male pregnancy, sex-role reversal, and a polygynandrous mating system. …”
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“…Moreover, current evolutionary models of the peptide and receptors using molecular data from phylogenetically distinct invertebrate species (mostly nematodes and arthropods) suggests the PACAP ligand and receptors are exclusive to vertebrate genomes. A basal deuterostome, the cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), is the only invertebrate in which elements of a PACAP-like system exists but the peptides and receptor share relatively low sequence conservation with the vertebrate homolog system and are a hybrid with the vertebrate glucagon system. …”
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“…To obtain insight into the evolution of the ligand binding ability of estrogen receptors (ER), we comparatively characterized the ER from the protochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), and the ER from lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a basal vertebrate. …”
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“…Calcitonin (CT)/CT gene-related peptide (CGRP) family peptides (CT/CGRP family peptides) including CT, CGRP, adrenomedullin, amylin, and CT receptor-stimulating peptide have been identified from various vertebrates and perform a variety of important physiological functions. …”
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