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  1. 501
    “…SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this manuscript, we report the results of our 3D geometric morphometric analyses of the distal radial epiphysis in wild and captive gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. We have identified significant differences in the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments between the wild and captive specimens of each species that are likely related to the locomotor behaviors developed in captivity. …”
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    Effects of Captivity on the Morphology of the Insertion Sites of the Palmar Radiocarpal Ligaments in Hominoid Primates
  2. 502
    “…While all species were risk-seeking, orangutans and chimpanzees chose the risky option more often than gorillas and bonobos. Hence all four species' preferences were ordered in a manner consistent with normative dictates of expected value, but varied predictably in their willingness to take risks.…”
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    Great Apes' Risk-Taking Strategies in a Decision Making Task
  3. 503
    “…Here, we use the human MSY reference sequence as a basis for sequence capture and read mapping in 19 great ape males, combining the data with sequences extracted from the published whole genomes of 24 additional males to yield a total sample of 19 chimpanzees, four bonobos, 14 gorillas, and six orangutans, in which interpretable MSY sequence ranges from 2.61 to 3.80 Mb. …”
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    Great ape Y Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies reflect subspecies structure and patterns of mating and dispersal
  4. 504
    “…Combination I-A, corresponding to N. americanus, was demonstrated in humans and western lowland gorillas; II-B and II-C were observed in humans, western lowland gorillas and chimpanzees; III-B and III-C were found only in humans. …”
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    Humans and Great Apes Cohabiting the Forest Ecosystem in Central African Republic Harbour the Same Hookworms
  5. 505
    “…As this applies to the hominine lineages (gorillas, humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos), it is theoretically possible to estimate the phylogenetic position of cryptic human viruses by identifying co-divergent viral lineages infecting non-human hominines. …”
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    A57 An evolutionary framework to guide the hunt for human dsDNA viruses
  6. 506
    “…Our results indicate that, given adequate protection from poaching, elephants and gorillas can profit from herbaceous vegetation in recently logged forests and maintain access to ecologically important resources located outside of protected areas. …”
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    Monitoring Great Ape and Elephant Abundance at Large Spatial Scales: Measuring Effectiveness of a Conservation Landscape
  7. 507
    “…Here, we adapted a task that has been previously used with humans and chimpanzees to assess how chimpanzees, gorillas, and Japanese macaques respond to pictures of different emotional valences. …”
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    A Comparative Perspective on Three Primate Species’ Responses to a Pictorial Emotional Stroop Task
  8. 508
    “…Although it has been evidenced in other mammals, no study has yet shown that this phenomenon can reach the level of precision seem in humans and gorillas. Here, we studied the facial complexity of group-housed sun bears, a typically solitary species, with special focus on testing for exact facial mimicry. …”
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    Facial Complexity in Sun Bears: Exact Facial Mimicry and Social Sensitivity
  9. 509
    “…Analysis of 21 carcasses found that 10 gorillas, 3 chimpanzees, and 1 duiker tested positive for Ebola virus. …”
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    Wild Animal Mortality Monitoring and Human Ebola Outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo, 2001–2003
  10. 510
    por Liu, Weimin, Li, Yingying, Shaw, Katharina S., Learn, Gerald H., Plenderleith, Lindsey J., Malenke, Jordan A., Sundararaman, Sesh A., Ramirez, Miguel A., Crystal, Patricia A., Smith, Andrew G., Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Locatelli, Sabrina, Esteban, Amandine, Mouacha, Fatima, Guichet, Emilande, Butel, Christelle, Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, Inogwabini, Bila-Isia, Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N., Speede, Sheri, Sanz, Crickette M., Morgan, David B., Gonder, Mary K., Kranzusch, Philip J., Walsh, Peter D., Georgiev, Alexander V., Muller, Martin N., Piel, Alex K., Stewart, Fiona A., Wilson, Michael L., Pusey, Anne E., Cui, Liwang, Wang, Zenglei, Färnert, Anna, Sutherland, Colin J., Nolder, Debbie, Hart, John A., Hart, Terese B., Bertolani, Paco, Gillis, Amethyst, LeBreton, Matthew, Tafon, Babila, Kiyang, John, Djoko, Cyrille F., Schneider, Bradley S., Wolfe, Nathan D., Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel, Delaporte, Eric, Carter, Richard, Culleton, Richard L., Shaw, George M., Rayner, Julian C., Peeters, Martine, Hahn, Beatrice H., Sharp, Paul M.
    Publicado 2014
    “…Here we show, using a non-invasive approach, that wild chimpanzees and gorillas throughout central Africa are endemically infected with parasites that are closely related to human P. vivax. …”
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    African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax
  11. 511
    “…In the first comparative analysis of its kind, we investigated gesture behavior and response patterns in 25 captive ape mother–infant dyads (six bonobos, eight chimpanzees, three gorillas, and eight orangutans). We examined (i) how frequently mothers and infants gestured to each other and to other group members; and (ii) to what extent infants and mothers responded to the gestural attempts of others. …”
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    “Giving” and “responding” differences in gestural communication between nonhuman great ape mothers and infants
  12. 512
    “…Some of these can also infect related species as illustrated by the threatened extinction of gorillas by Ebola infection in west and central Africa. …”
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    NIAID resources for developing new therapies for severe viral infections
  13. 513
    “…This chapter highlights diseases affecting gibbons and great apes (bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) with emphasis on those that are important or unique to apes. …”
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    Apes
  14. 514
    “…Then we studied 85 persons who reported having been bitten or scratched by nonhuman primates; 7/29 (24.1%) of those who had contact with apes (gorillas or chimpanzees) were SFV positive, compared with only 2/56 (3.6%) of those who had had contact with monkeys. …”
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    Simian Foamy Virus Transmission from Apes to Humans, Rural Cameroon
  15. 515
    “…In this study, we used a hierarchical Bayesian model to re-analyse individual level data collected on seven primate species (chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, gorillas, spider monkeys, brown capuchin monkeys and long-tailed macaques) across 17 tasks within four domains (inhibition, memory, transposition and support). …”
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    A Modular Mind? A Test Using Individual Data from Seven Primate Species
  16. 516
    “…Our results reveal high levels of hand disparity among modern hominoids, which are explained by different evolutionary processes: autapomorphic evolution in hylobatids (extreme digital and thumb elongation), convergent adaptation between chimpanzees and orangutans (digital elongation) and comparatively little change in gorillas and hominins. The human (and australopith) high thumb-to-digits ratio required little change since the LCA, and was acquired convergently with other highly dexterous anthropoids.…”
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    The evolution of human and ape hand proportions
  17. 517
    “…We study incomplete lineage sorting patterns between humans, chimpanzees and gorillas to show that this low divergence can be entirely explained by megabase-sized regions comprising one-third of the X chromosome, where polymorphism in the human-chimpanzee ancestral species was severely reduced. …”
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    Strong Selective Sweeps on the X Chromosome in the Human-Chimpanzee Ancestor Explain Its Low Divergence
  18. 518
    “…The exceptionally narrow species tropism of HBV restricts its natural hosts to humans and non-human primates, including chimpanzees, gorillas, gibbons, and orangutans. The unavailability of completely immunocompetent small-animal models has contributed to the lack of curative therapeutic interventions. …”
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    In Vivo Model Systems for Hepatitis B Virus Research
  19. 519
    “…Here, we characterize the transcriptional response of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro to live microbial communities extracted from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. We find that most host genes exhibit a conserved response, whereby they respond similarly to the four hominid microbiomes. …”
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    Interspecies variation in hominid gut microbiota controls host gene regulation
  20. 520
    “…Using a novel approach to characterise P. malariae-related sequences in wild and captive African apes, we found that this group comprises three distinct lineages, one of which represents a previously unknown, highly divergent species infecting chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas across central Africa. A second ape-derived lineage is much more closely related to the third, human-infective lineage P. malariae, but exhibits little evidence of genetic exchange with it, and so likely represents a separate species. …”
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    Zoonotic origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium malariae from African apes
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