“…The flame location of the catalytic porous burner was more sensitive to the flame velocity and insensitive to thermal conductivity compared to the inert porous burner. …”
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“…It has been shown that with an increase in the initial temperature, the highest explosion pressure and explosion induction period decrease, while the maximum flame temperature increases. As the initial temperature rises, the formation of the tulip flame accelerates, and the depression of the flame front increases at the same time. …”
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“…Once the prepregs (flame- and non-flame-retarded) were obtained, they were subjected to various tests to analyse their fire behaviour, with both showing an adequate performance. …”
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“…The flame arrival time increases with increasing distance, and the maximum flame speed shows a decreasing trend. …”
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“…Phosphorus-containing polyol applications in polyurethane synthesis can prevent volatilization of flame retardants and their migration on the surface of a material. …”
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“…In this study, experimental methods were used to study the microwave-assisted ignition and combustion characteristics of ADN-based liquid propellant, and the effects of microwave power and propellant flow rate on combustion flame structure, spectral emission characteristics, and flame temperature were investigated. …”
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“…The shock wave pressure, flame wave velocity, and flame wave temperature under different suppression conditions were compared to characterize the effects of explosion suppression under different working conditions, and the mechanism of explosion suppression was analyzed. …”
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“…The functional relationship between the flame height and mass flow and the functional relationship between the flame temperature and axial height are derived. …”
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“…Charred tissue increases the risk of flame by a factor of 92.8. Flame occurred without a preceding spark 93.6% of the time. …”
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“…Analysis of the flame pictures and temperature traces shows that the forced oscillation of the fuel mixture leads to flame movement within the burner. …”
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“…Predominant hemorrhagic patterns were flame-shaped in 39 (67.2%) and non-flame-shaped in 19 (32.8%) eyes. …”
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“…We studied the effect of a multilevel presence of carbon-based reinforcements—a combination of conventional load-bearing unidirectional carbon fiber (CF) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and conductive CNT-containing nonwoven carbon nanofabric (CNF(CNT))—on the fire performance, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties of reference and flame-retarded epoxy resin (EP) composites. The inclusion of carbon fibers and flame retardant reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the epoxy resins. …”
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“…Flame retardancy of polymers is a recurring obligation for many applications. …”
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“…To offset the decrease in flame retardant performance, montmorillonite (MMT) can be added as a promising alternative to enhance the flame resistance of foams. …”
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“…The discrete flame spread speed ([Formula: see text]) also rises first and then drops with the increase of D, which is mainly due to the heat transfer from the PMMA flame to the next plate. …”
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“…Samples were exposed to a flame for 5 and 10 min. The influence of the selected factors (size of the board, orientation of flame with the sample) were compared on the basis of experimentally obtained data: mass loss. …”
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“…In particular, the flame obstacle interaction may enhance the suppression effect of the nanoparticles, and the flame acceleration rate and the peak overpressure decrease significantly. …”
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“…Group I was assigned as control, and the brackets of Group II, Group III, and Group IV were subjected to recycling by flaming, flaming with sandblasting, and flaming with ultrasonic cleaning, respectively. …”
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“…Hybrid composites composed of bio-based thin-ply carbon fibre prepreg and flame-retardant mats (E20MI) have been produced to investigate the effects of laminate design on their fire protection performance and mechanical properties. …”
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“…[Image: see text] The C(1ε) = 1.6 standard k – ε equation combined with the steady flamelet model was applied to a methane/dimethyl ether swirl combustion field, and the effects of the dimethyl ether (DME) blending ratio and operating pressure on the flame behavior, including species variation, reaction zone behavior, and flame entrainment, were investigated. …”
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