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  1. 21
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    Bipolar anodal septal pacing with direct LBB capture preserves physiological ventricular activation better than unipolar left bundle branch pacing
  2. 22
    Publicado 1996
    “…Muscarinic potassium channels (KACh) are composed of two subunits, GIRK1 and GIRK4 (or CIR), and are directly gated by G proteins. …”
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    Na+ activation of the muscarinic K+ channel by a G-protein-independent mechanism
  3. 23
    “…The I(KACh) blocking peptibody was engineered as a fusion between the human IgG1 Fc fragment and the I(KACh) inhibitor tertiapinQ (TP), a 21-amino acid synthetic peptidotoxin, originally isolated from the European honey bee venom. …”
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    Bioengineered peptibodies as blockers of ion channels
  4. 24
    Publicado 1992
    “…The mechanism of G protein beta gamma subunit (G beta gamma)-induced activation of the muscarinic K+ channel (KACh) in the guinea pig atrial cell membrane was examined using the inside-out patch clamp technique. …”
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    On the mechanism of G protein beta gamma subunit activation of the muscarinic K+ channel in guinea pig atrial cell membrane. Comparison with the ATP-sensitive K+ channel
  5. 25
    “…Moreover, I(KACh) did not exhibit relaxation. Contrarily, activation of the M(2)R-G(i/o)-I(KACh) pathway with acetylcholine induced the typical relaxation of the current, which correlated with the clear voltage-dependent effect observed in the concentration-response curves (~2.8-fold EC(50) increase with depolarization) and in the I(KACh) deactivation kinetics (τ = 1762 ± 119 ms at -100 mV and τ = 1503 ± 160 ms at +30 mV; P = 0.01). …”
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    Differential voltage-dependent modulation of the ACh-gated K(+) current by adenosine and acetylcholine
  6. 26
    “…Recent studies have shown that this process involves the direct binding of G(βγ) subunits to the NH(2)- and COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domains of the proteins termed GIRK1 and GIRK4 (Kir3.1 and Kir3.4/CIR), which mediate I(KACh). Because of the very low basal activity of native I(KACh), it has been difficult to determine the single channel effect of G(βγ) subunit binding on I(KACh) activity. …”
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    Single Channel Studies of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channel Regulation by Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors
  7. 27
    “…We used patch clamp to determine the IC(50) of I(K1) and I(KACh) block by chloroquine and molecular modeling to simulate the interaction between chloroquine and Kir2.1 and Kir3.1, the molecular correlates of I(K1) and I(KACh). …”
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    The Antimalarial Chloroquine Reduces the Burden of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
  8. 28
    “…The main objective of our study was to investigate the contribution of M(2)R-I(KACh) signaling pathway elements in murine ventricular electrophysiology, using in-vivo ECG measurements, isolated whole-heart optical mapping and constitutive knockout mice lacking I(KACh) (Girk4(–/–)) or RGS6 (Rgs6(-/-)). …”
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    The influences of the M(2)R-GIRK4-RGS6 dependent parasympathetic pathway on electrophysiological properties of the mouse heart
  9. 29
    Publicado 1992
    “…The effects of various intracellular anions on the G protein (GK)- mediated activation of the muscarinic K+ (KACh) channel were examined in single atrial myocytes isolated from guinea pig hearts. …”
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    Effects of anions on the G protein-mediated activation of the muscarinic K+ channel in the cardiac atrial cell membrane. Intracellular chloride inhibition of the GTPase activity of GK
  10. 30
    “…In this study, acute activation of I(KACh) in rabbit single AVN cells was investigated using whole-cell patch clamp at 37 °C. 0.1–1 μM acetylcholine (ACh) rapidly activated a robust I(KACh) in AVN myocytes during a descending voltage-ramp protocol. …”
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    Acute desensitization of acetylcholine and endothelin-1 activated inward rectifier K(+) current in myocytes from the cardiac atrioventricular node
  11. 31
    “…Homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations predicted that BP-G1 inhibits the I(KACh) channel by blocking the central cavity pore. …”
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    A benzopyran with antiarrhythmic activity is an inhibitor of Kir3.1-containing potassium channels
  12. 32
    “…Methods: Control wild-type (WT) and mice lacking GIRK4 (Girk4(–/–)), an integral subunit of I(KACh) were assigned to trained or sedentary groups. …”
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    Genetic Ablation of G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K(+) Channels Prevents Training-Induced Sinus Bradycardia
  13. 33
    “…Using a novel selective I(KACh) inhibitor XAF-1407, the study investigates the effect of I(KACh) inhibition in goats with pacing-induced, short-term AF. …”
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    The Acetylcholine-Activated Potassium Current Inhibitor XAF-1407 Terminates Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Goats
  14. 34
    “…Treatment of atrial myocytes with the GSK3β inhibitor Kenpaullone increased levels of SREBP-1 and expression of GIRK4 and I(KACh), whereas a dominant-active GSK3β mutant decreased SREBP-1 and GIRK4 expression. …”
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    Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibition Ameliorates Cardiac Parasympathetic Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetic Akita Mice
  15. 35
    “…Impaired effects of CCh occurred due to enhanced desensitization of the acetylcholine-activated K(+) current (I(KACh)) and faster I(KACh) deactivation. I(KACh) alterations were reversed by inhibition of regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) and by the phospholipid PIP(3). …”
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    Impaired regulation of heart rate and sinoatrial node function by the parasympathetic nervous system in type 2 diabetic mice
  16. 36
    “…The rise time of I(KACh ) was 0.4 ± 0.1 s. When isoproterenol (Iso) was applied simultaneously with ACh, an additional slow component (11.4 ± 3.0 s) appeared, and the amplitude of the elicited I(KACh) was increased by 22.9 ± 5.4%. …”
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    Heterologous Facilitation of G Protein-Activated K(+) Channels by β-Adrenergic Stimulation via Camp-Dependent Protein Kinase
  17. 37
    “…We hypothesize that in addition to I(KAch,Ado) activation, adenosine impacts also Ca(2+) via G(αi) signaling and that both effects reduce AP firing rate by reducing the effectiveness of the Ca(2+) and membrane clock coupling. …”
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    Adenosine reduces sinoatrial node cell action potential firing rate by uncoupling its membrane and calcium clocks
  18. 38
    “…Therefore, in the present study we propose the first model for the action potential (AP) of a NRAM with constitutively-active acetylcholine-mediated K(+) current (I(KACh-c)). The descriptions of the ionic currents were based on patch-clamp data obtained from neonatal rats. …”
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    A Mathematical Model of Neonatal Rat Atrial Monolayers with Constitutively Active Acetylcholine-Mediated K(+) Current
  19. 39
    Publicado 1996
    “…The model indicates that the cardiac KACh channel could be described as a multimer composed of four or more functionally identical subunits, to each of which one GK* binds.…”
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    A functional model for G protein activation of the muscarinic K+ channel in guinea pig atrial myocytes. Spectral analysis of the effect of GTP on single-channel kinetics
  20. 40
    “…In addition, Ayurvedic tests, such as Rekhapurnatva (enterable in the furrows of the fingers), Varitaratwa (floatable over water), Nirdhoomta (smokeless), Dantagre Kach-Kach (gritty particle feeling between the teeth), were performed. …”
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    Preparation and Characterization of Suvarna Bhasma Parada Marit
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