“…High-resolution microscopy of the two-phase flows under 15 flow conditions (cases of different flow rates of the liquid and co-flowing air streams as well as different degrees of liquid preheating) reveal that the geometrical complexities evolve under the competing/combined action of the instability mechanisms such as Kelvin–Helmholtz, Rayleigh–Taylor and Rayleigh–Plateau leading into the transition from break-up to atomization. …”
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“…The formation, pronounced material interaction, and photovoltaic properties of DND-PPy composites are characterized down to nanoscale by atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Kelvin probe, and electronic transport measurements. …”
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“…The recent discovery of its superconductivity with a critical temperature T(c) of 0.25 kelvin raises fundamental questions about the nature of electron pairing. …”
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“…The compound has a large band gap of 1.48(2) eV, and photoemission and Kelvin probe measurements corroborate this semiconducting behavior with a valence band maximum (VBM) of −4.95(5) eV, conduction band minimum of −3.47(5) eV, and a photoresponse shift of the Fermi level by ∼0.2 eV in the presence of white light. …”
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“…A longitudinal view of the same region was recorded to extract the Kelvin viscoelastic model parameters. The pulse pressure waveform and the effective pressure of perivascular tissue were loaded onto the internal and external walls of the model. …”
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“…We obtain work function (Φ) variations on the h-BN/Cu(111) superstructure of the order of 100 meV using two independent methods, namely the shift of field emission resonances and the contact potential difference measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Using 3D force profiles of the same area we determine the relative stiffness of the Moiré region allowing us to analyse both electronic and mechanical properties of the 2D layer simultaneously. …”
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“…This approach allows us to measure the relative charge neutrality level at the MoS(2)–gold interface and its spatial variation almost directly using Kelvin probe force microscopy even under ambient conditions. …”
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“…It forms at pressures greater than 40 gigapascal when (Mg, Fe)-bearing hydrous materials are heated over 1500 kelvin. The OE-phase is fully recoverable to ambient conditions for ex situ investigation using transmission electron microscopy, which indicates that the OE-phase contains ferric iron (Fe(3+)) as in Fe(2)O(3) but holds excess oxygen through interactions between oxygen atoms. …”
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“…Underlying mechanism for such superior photoelectric properties is revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy and first principles calculation. …”
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“…Research to date reports that while sexual minority youth experience bullying, anxiety, lower self-esteem, and suicidal ideation at higher rates than their heterosexual and gender conforming peers, research has not examined the role drag expression plays as a healthy coping mechanism and, in particular, what role it may play for older drag queens. (Levasseur, Kelvin, Rosskopf, 2013; Mueller, James, Abrutyn, & Levin, 2015). …”
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“…For modelling the superconducting and mechanical properties of the foam samples, a Kelvin-type cell may be employed as a first approach as reported in the literature for pure polyurethane foams. …”
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“…The Volta potentials of secondary phases relative to the Mg matrix were measured by using scanning kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM). The results show that the Volta potential of the intragranular spherical Ca(2)Mg(6)Zn(3) phase (+109 mV) was higher than that of the dendritic Ca(2)Mg(6)Zn(3) phase (+80 mV). …”
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“…In addition, a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) usage in this work is to measure the atmospheric corrosion behavior of copper with the super-hydrophobic coating. …”
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“…With respect to the microfibers formed by unmodified terthiophene, those formed by the S,S-dioxide display markedly red-shifted fluorescence and an increased n-type character of the material, as shown by macroscopic Kelvin probe in agreement with cyclovoltammetry data. …”
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“…We also show that the crust remains wet and the observed reduced evaporation is explained by the formation of tiny pores in the nanometer range and the Kelvin effect. The resulting crust permeability is very low. …”
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“…The RNG k-Epsilon coupled to power-law combustion models is applied to describe the complex in-cylinder turbulent reacting flow, while the hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian Kelvin Helmholtz-Rayleigh Taylor (KH-RT) spray model is employed to capture the spray breakup. …”
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“…The resulting gas-sensitive ZnO-SnO(2) films were comprehensively studied by atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. …”
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“…Here, by combining in-situ scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, we unveil distinct scenarios of hydrogen-precipitate interaction in a high-strength low-alloyed martensitic steel. …”
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“…The addition of borophene nanosheets enables the borophene/ecoflex nanocomposite to exhibit tunable surface triboelectricity investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The borophene/ecoflex nanocomposite is further fabricated into a fabric‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (B‐TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting, medical assistive system, and wound healing applications. …”
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“…OS experiments measured cellular creep deformation in response to laser-induced step stresses. We used a Kelvin-Voigt model to deduce two parameters related to cellular stiffness (μ(KV)) and cellular viscosity (η(KV)) from OS measurements in a time regimen that overlaps with that of MRE. …”
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