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  1. 6121
    “…BACKGROUND: Exploration of immunomodulatory antileishmanials of plant origin is now being strongly recommended to overcome the immune suppression evident during visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and high cost and toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. …”
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    Apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of Azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by Th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo
  2. 6122
    “…In Cukurova region in Turkey we previously identified a major focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani/infantum hybrids (CUK strain) and isolated this parasite from the locally abundant sand fly, Phlebotomus tobbi. …”
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    Natural hybrid of Leishmania infantum/L. donovani: development in Phlebotomus tobbi, P. perniciosus and Lutzomyia longipalpis and comparison with non-hybrid strains differing in tissue tropism
  3. 6123
    “…Using imipramine in combination with azoles may be advantageous for the treatment of leishmaniasis.…”
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    Imipramine alters the sterol profile in Leishmania amazonensis and increases its sensitivity to miconazole
  4. 6124
    “…BACKGROUND: Lutzomyia evansi, a phlebotomine insect endemic to Colombia’s Caribbean coast, is considered to be the main vector of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region. Although insects of this species can harbor pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms in their intestinal microbiota, there is little information available about the diversity of gut bacteria present in Lutzomyia evansi. …”
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    Structural differences in gut bacteria communities in developmental stages of natural populations of Lutzomyia evansi from Colombia's Caribbean coast
  5. 6125
    “…CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provide a basis for the development of peptide-based nanovaccines against leishmaniasis, since it reveals that vaccination with well-defined Leishmania MHC-restricted epitopes extracted from various immunogenic proteins co-encapsulated with the proper adjuvant or/and phlebotomine fly saliva multi-epitope peptides into clinically compatible PLGA NPs could be a promising approach for the induction of a strong and sustainable protective immunity.…”
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    Identification of BALB/c Immune Markers Correlated with a Partial Protection to Leishmania infantum after Vaccination with a Rationally Designed Multi-epitope Cysteine Protease A Peptide-Based Nanovaccine
  6. 6126
    “…BACKGROUND: Before 1996 the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia neivai was usually treated as a synonym of the morphologically similar Lutzomyia intermedia, which has long been considered a vector of Leishmania braziliensis, the causative agent of much cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America. This report investigates the likely range changes of both sand fly species in response to a stabilisation climate change scenario (RCP4.5) and a high greenhouse gas emissions one (RCP8.5). …”
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    Species-specific ecological niche modelling predicts different range contractions for Lutzomyia intermedia and a related vector of Leishmania braziliensis following climate change in South America
  7. 6127
    “…BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as kala-azar is a growing health problem in Ethiopia with an estimated annual VL incidence between 3700 and 7400. …”
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    Studies on sand fly fauna and ecological analysis of Phlebotomus orientalis in the highland and lowland foci of kala-azar in northwestern Ethiopia
  8. 6128
    “…They declared frequent arboviroses and digestive disorders. Active leishmaniasis was observed in 8.3% of gold miners. Among women, 28.5% were anemic. …”
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    Illegal gold miners in French Guiana: a neglected population with poor health
  9. 6129
    “…Other arboviruses covered included chikungunya and West Nile virus, other parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, and bacterial rickettsiosis and plague. …”
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    Scoping review on vector-borne diseases in urban areas: transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity and co-infection
  10. 6130
    “…That is the case for the treatment of leishmaniasis, particularly to the cutaneous clinical form of the disease. …”
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    4-Phenyl-1,3-thiazole-2-amines as scaffolds for new antileishmanial agents
  11. 6131
    “…BACKGROUND: Leishmania infantum is the parasite responsible for the disease in humans known as zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL). Dogs are considered the main domestic reservoir of ZVL and sand flies are the proven vectors. …”
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    A randomized, blinded, controlled trial to assess sand fly mortality of fluralaner administered orally in dogs
  12. 6132
    “…IMPORTANCE Leishmania parasites are trypanosomatid protozoans that persist in infected human hosts to cause a spectrum of pathologies, from cutaneous and mucocutaneous manifestations to visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani. The latter is usually fatal if not treated. …”
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    Disruption of the Putative Ribosome-Binding Motif of a Scaffold Protein Impairs Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit Expression in Leishmania major
  13. 6133
    “…Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease causing chronic, ulcerating skin lesions. …”
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    Coinfection with Leishmania major and Staphylococcus aureus enhances the pathologic responses to both microbes through a pathway involving IL-17A
  14. 6134
    “…Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. …”
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    Non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β signaling are necessary to L. amazonensis control mediated by P2X7 receptor and leukotriene B(4)
  15. 6135
    “…BACKGROUND: Currently, knowledge regarding the phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of Turkey is restricted to regions with endemic leishmaniasis. However, rapidly changing environmental and social conditions highlight concerns on the possible future expansion of sand fly-borne diseases in Turkey, promoting risk assessment through biosurveillance activities in non-endemic regions. …”
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    Revision of the species composition and distribution of Turkish sand flies using DNA barcodes
  16. 6136
    “…BACKGROUND: The chemotherapeutic arsenal available to treat visceral leishmaniasis is currently limited, in view of many drawbacks such as high cost, toxicity or emerging resistance. …”
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    In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of octyl-β-d-galactofuranoside during Leishmania donovani infection
  17. 6137
    “…Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a parasitic disease endemic in many countries, and dogs present as the major natural reservoir of the parasite, Leishmania chagasi (syn. …”
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    Analysis using canine peripheral blood for establishing in vitro conditions for monocyte differentiation into macrophages for Leishmania chagasi infection and T-cell subset purification
  18. 6138
    “…The present study intended to establish an in vitro toll to assess the parasitological/immunological status of dogs, applicable in pre-clinical trials of vaccinology, prognosis follow-up and therapeutics analysis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. We have evaluated the performance of co-culture systems of canine Leishmania chagasi–infected macrophages with different cell ratios of total lymphocytes or purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells. …”
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    Setting the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells co-cultured with canine macrophages infected with Leishmania chagasi
  19. 6139
    “…In the search for a safe and efficient protective vaccine for human and dog visceral leishmaniases, we analyzed the suitability of the immunomodulatory drug sirolimus (SIR) to boost a preventive DNA vaccine against leishmaniasis. SIR is an already marketed drug that has been described to boost immune protection against different disease models and has also emerged as a promising therapeutic drug against L. major. …”
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    Sirolimus enhances the protection achieved by a DNA vaccine against Leishmania infantum
  20. 6140
    “…Leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonotic disease, and dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of the parasite. …”
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    DH82 Canine and RAW264.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Lines Display Distinct Activation Profiles Upon Interaction With Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis
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