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  1. 7401
    “…BACKGROUND: The norovirus group (NVG) of caliciviruses are the etiological agents of most institutional outbreaks of gastroenteritis in North America and Europe. Identification of NVG is complicated by the non-culturable nature of this virus, and the absence of a diagnostic gold standard makes traditional evaluation of test characteristics problematic. …”
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    Of gastro and the gold standard: evaluation and policy implications of norovirus test performance for outbreak detection
  2. 7402
    “…The introduction of pea aphids to North America has not led to a detectable reduction of nucleotide diversity or increase in LD relative to native populations.…”
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    Similar patterns of linkage disequilibrium and nucleotide diversity in native and introduced populations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum
  3. 7403
    “…Overall, these data are consistent with multiple introductions of SLEV from South America into North America, and provide support for the hypothesis that in most situations, SLEV circulates within a locality, with occasional incursions from other areas. …”
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    Genetic variation of St. Louis encephalitis virus
  4. 7404
    “…These new assemblies were compared to available assemblies of D. ps. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, two species with overlapping ranges in western North America. Within inverted regions, nucleotide divergence among each pair of the three species is comparable, whereas divergence between D. ps. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis in non-inverted regions is much lower and closer to levels of intraspecific variation. …”
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    The Genomics of Speciation in Drosophila: Diversity, Divergence, and Introgression Estimated Using Low-Coverage Genome Sequencing
  5. 7405
    “…BACKGROUND: Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne infection in North America, is increasingly reported. When the characteristic rash, erythema migrans, is not recognized and treated, delayed manifestations of disseminated infection may occur. …”
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    Diagnostic challenges of early Lyme disease: Lessons from a community case series
  6. 7406
    “…Health care spending in North America is consuming an ever-increasing share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). …”
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    Cost Effectiveness of Natural Health Products: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
  7. 7407
    “…Moreover, several species of North America's cervids are highly susceptible to chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that has become endemic. …”
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    Immunohistochemical and biochemical characteristics of BSE and CWD in experimentally infected European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus)
  8. 7408
    “…CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our analyses support the reliability of the current taxonomic treatment of the Neoconocephalus fauna of Caribbean, Central, and North America. Ancestral state reconstruction of life history traits was not conclusive, however at least four transitions between life histories occurred among our sample of species. …”
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    Molecular Phylogenetics of the Genus Neoconocephalus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) and the Evolution of Temperate Life Histories
  9. 7409
    “…Boechera stricta is a perennial species that grows in mostly undisturbed habitats of western North America. We have measured glucosinolate profiles and concentrations in 192 F(2) lines that have previously been used for genetic map construction. …”
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    Ecological genomics of Boechera stricta: Identification of a QTL controlling the allocation of methionine- vs. branched chain amino acid-derived glucosinolates and levels of insect herbivory
  10. 7410
    “…The Janos region of northwestern Mexico maintains one of the largest remaining black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony complexes in North America and supports a high diversity of threatened and endangered species. …”
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    Rapid Decline of a Grassland System and Its Ecological and Conservation Implications
  11. 7411
    “…DISCUSSION: This study is the first to examine both patient and physician perspectives on the use of shared decision making for colorectal cancer in North America or elsewhere. It will provide a framework that can be used to describe the shared decision-making process and its outcomes, and evaluate strategies to facilitate this process for patients with colorectal cancer.…”
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    Using patient and physician perspectives to develop a shared decision-making framework for colorectal cancer
  12. 7412
    “…We also find that in its native Eurasian range A. thaliana exhibits continuous isolation by distance at every geographic scale without natural breaks corresponding to classical notions of populations. By contrast, in North America, where it exists as an exotic species, A. thaliana exhibits little or no population structure at a continental scale but local isolation by distance that extends hundreds of km. …”
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    The Scale of Population Structure in Arabidopsis thaliana
  13. 7413
    “…Rheumatologists not born in North America were more likely to perceive benefit of select CAM therapies. …”
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    What rheumatologists in the United States think of complementary and alternative medicine: results of a national survey
  14. 7414
    “…CONCLUSIONS: D. giganteum isolates from across North America display little genetic variation, phylogeographic structure, and genetic differentiation among populations relative to the cryptic species observed within D. purpureum. …”
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    Phylogeography and sexual macrocyst formation in the social amoeba Dictyostelium giganteum
  15. 7415
    “…Taking into account the similarity of diets reported for the late Pleistocene wolves from Europe and North America, the correspondence between these haplogroup frequency changes may suggest that they were associated with ecological changes occurring after the Last Glacial Maximum.…”
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    Phylogeographic history of grey wolves in Europe
  16. 7416
    “…Selection and demographic signatures at the sequence level were investigated for five regulatory genes belonging to the knox-I family (KN1, KN2, KN3, KN4) and the HD-Zip III family (HB-3) in three Picea species affected by post-glacial recolonization in North America and Europe. To disentangle neutral and selective forces and estimate linkage disequilibrium (LD) on a gene basis, complete or nearly complete gene sequences were analysed. …”
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    Molecular Evolution of Regulatory Genes in Spruces from Different Species and Continents: Heterogeneous Patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium and Selection but Correlated Recent Demographic Changes
  17. 7417
    “…BACKGROUND: During the influenza season of 2007-08, oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) viruses emerged in several countries in Europe, North America, and Asia. Despite substantial prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant viruses, few data are available on the clinical profile of subjects infected with these viruses. …”
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    Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1)2009 in Yemen - case report
  18. 7418
    “…Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae are root-feeding insects and significant pests to maize in North America and Europe. Little is known regarding how plants respond to insect attack of roots, thus complicating the selection for plant defense targets. …”
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    Microbial Symbionts in Insects Influence Down-Regulation of Defense Genes in Maize
  19. 7419
    “…In the spring of 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged in North America and spread worldwide to cause the first influenza pandemic since 1968. …”
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    2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) : Pathology and Pathogenesis of 100 Fatal Cases in the United States
  20. 7420
    “…A novel, simple, and highly accurate scoring system called BARD, which identifies patients with NAFLD and without significant fibrosis, has been recently introduced and validated in North America..The aim of this study is to validate the BARD scoring system in a Polish cohort with NAFLD. …”
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    Validation of the BARD scoring system in Polish patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
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