“…The transposon-mapping piRNAs in the primary spermatocyte stages lacking Argonaute3 expression also show a ping-pong signature, albeit to a lesser extent. Consistently, argonaute3 mutant testes also retain ping-pong signature–bearing piRNAs, suggesting that a noncanonical ping-pong cycle might act during spermatogenesis. …”
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“…RESULTS: We observed that mPing and a synthetic mPong element have significantly higher transposition efficiency than the related autonomous Ping and Pong elements. …”
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“…METHODS: PubMed was used to search the following terms, separately and in combination: ball, erythema, paint, ping pong, purpura, racquetball, sign, site, sports, squash, targetoid. …”
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“…The kinetics of enzymatic desymmetrisation were analysed for the most common kinetic mechanisms: ternary complex ordered (prochiral ketone reduction); ping-pong second (ketone amination, diol esterification, desymmetrisation in the second half reaction); ping-pong first (diol ester hydrolysis) and ping-pong both (prochiral diacids). …”
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“…Ternary complex, ping-pong bi-bi and complex ping-pong bi-bi models were proposed and compared in this study. …”
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“…Furthermore, such piRNAs acting as ping-pong initiators in a chromatin-independent manner confer to the progeny a high capacity to repress the I-element mobility. …”
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“…In the absence of RNF17, ping-pong occurs inappropriately in meiotic cells. Ping-pong initiates piRNA responses against not only transposons but also protein-coding genes and long noncoding RNAs, including genes essential for germ cell development. …”
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“…Steady-state kinetics results reveal that WrbA conforms to a ping-pong mechanism with respect to the constancy of the apparent Vmax to Km ratio with substrate concentration. …”
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“…The use of PONG thus negates the need for targeted sequencing data in very large-scale association studies where such methods might not be tractable.…”
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“…In particular, we extend the Deep Q-Learning framework to multiagent environments to investigate the interaction between two learning agents in the well-known video game Pong. By manipulating the classical rewarding scheme of Pong we show how competitive and collaborative behaviors emerge. …”
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“…Ping and the closely related Pong are the only known naturally active PIF/Harbinger elements. …”
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“…This study validates the ping-pong mechanism, explains the molecular bases for Lnt’s substrate promiscuity, and should facilitate the design of antibiotics with minimal off-target effects.…”
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“…Its remarkable efficiency relies on a sophisticated amplification mechanism known as the ping-pong loop. In Alphavirus-infected Aedes mosquitoes, piRNAs with sequence features that suggest ping-pong-dependent biogenesis are produced from viral RNA. …”
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“…In Drosophila, the PIWI protein Aub, DEAD box protein Vasa and helicase Armi localize to nuage granules and are required for ping-pong piRNA amplification and phased piRNA processing. …”
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“…At present, if the load balancing algorithm only depends on the actual load of each MEC, it usually leads to ping-pong effect. It is worth mentioning that our method can effectively reduce the impact of ping-pong effect. …”
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“…In Drosophila melanogaster the reciprocal “Ping-Pong” cycle of PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA)–directed RNA cleavage catalyzed by the endonuclease (or “Slicer”) activities of the PIWI proteins Aubergine (Aub) and Argonaute3 (AGO3) has been proposed to expand the secondary piRNA population. …”
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“…While SMEDWI-3 degrades numerous neoblast mRNAs in a homotypic ping-pong cycle, it is also guided to another subset of neoblast mRNAs by antisense piRNAs and binds these without degrading them. …”
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“…Targeting piRNAs fuel transcripts either into the ping-pong cycle of piRNA amplification or into the machinery of phased piRNA biogenesis, thereby creating networks of inter-regulating transcripts. …”
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“…Silkworm ovarian germ cells produce the Siwi‐piRNA‐induced silencing complex (piRISC) through two consecutive mechanisms, the primary pathway and the secondary ping‐pong cycle. Primary Siwi‐piRISC production occurs on the outer mitochondrial membrane in an Ago3‐independent manner, where Tudor domain‐containing Papi binds unloaded Siwi via its symmetrical dimethylarginines (sDMAs). …”
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