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  1. 1261
    “…RESULTS: Out of a total of 315 samples screened, Salmonella isolates were obtained in 119 (37.8%) of cases and these comprised: S. choleraesuis (6%), S. enteritidis (4%), S. eppendorf (1%), S. hadar (1%), S. isangi (8%), S. panama (1%), S. typhi (52%), S. typhimurium (25%) and untyped Salmonella spp. (2%). …”
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    Molecular basis of virulence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species from a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
  2. 1262
    “…METHODS: 18S SSU rRNA S-type gene was amplified from 420 Plasmodium vivax field isolates collected from different geographical regions of India, Thailand and Colombia as well as four strains each of P. vivax originating from Nicaragua, Panama, Thailand (Pak Chang), and Vietnam (ONG). A mini-satellite marker panel was then developed to understand the population genetic parameters and tested on a sample subset of both lineages. …”
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    Plasmodium vivax lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship
  3. 1263
    “…DENV-3 was re-introduced into the Americas in 1994 causing outbreaks in Nicaragua and Panama. DENV-3 was introduced in Brazil in 2000 and then spread to most of the Brazilian States, reaching the neighboring country, Paraguay in 2002. …”
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    Phylogenetic relationship of dengue virus type 3 isolated in Brazil and Paraguay and global evolutionary divergence dynamics
  4. 1264
    “…This date is in agreement with recent, controversial, arguments that an older, perhaps short-lived, land connection may have existed between South America and present-day Panama 23–25 MYA. Since its arrival in South America, Bolitoglossa has diversified more extensively than previously presumed and currently includes several cryptic species within a relatively small geographic area. …”
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    Early Miocene origin and cryptic diversification of South American salamanders
  5. 1265
    “…Clade II includes three subclades: Panama; cis-Andean Colombia; and cis-Venezuela. The Amazon delta specimens are in both clades, likely indicating local sympatry. …”
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    Phylogeography of the neotropical Anopheles triannulatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) supports deep structure and complex patterns
  6. 1266
    por Reich, David, Patterson, Nick, Campbell, Desmond, Tandon, Arti, Mazieres, Stéphane, Ray, Nicolas, Parra, Maria V., Rojas, Winston, Duque, Constanza, Mesa, Natalia, García, Luis F., Triana, Omar, Blair, Silvia, Maestre, Amanda, Dib, Juan C., Bravi, Claudio M., Bailliet, Graciela, Corach, Daniel, Hünemeier, Tábita, Bortolini, Maria-Cátira, Salzano, Francisco M., Petzl-Erler, María Luiza, Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Riba, Laura, Rodríguez-Cruz, Maricela, Lopez-Alarcón, Mardia, Coral-Vazquez, Ramón, Canto-Cetina, Thelma, Silva-Zolezzi, Irma, Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos, Contreras, Alejandra V., Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo, Gómez-Vázquez, María José, Molina, Julio, Carracedo, Ángel, Salas, Antonio, Gallo, Carla, Poletti, Giovanni, Witonsky, David B., Alkorta-Aranburu, Gorka, Sukernik, Rem I., Osipova, Ludmila, Fedorova, Sardana, Vasquez, René, Villena, Mercedes, Moreau, Claudia, Barrantes, Ramiro, Pauls, David, Excoffier, Laurent, Bedoya, Gabriel, Rothhammer, Francisco, Dugoujon, Jean Michel, Larrouy, Georges, Klitz, William, Labuda, Damian, Kidd, Judith, Kidd, Kenneth, Rienzo, Anna Di, Freimer, Nelson B., Price, Alkes L., Ruiz-Linares, Andrés
    Publicado 2012
    “…A major exception is in Chibchan-speakers on both sides of the Panama Isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.…”
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    Reconstructing Native American Population History
  7. 1267
    “…Exposure to ≥2 sources of pro-tobacco advertisements was associated with significantly increased odds of cigarette smoking among adolescents in several countries including South Africa (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 4.11; 95% CI:2.26-7.47), Togo (aOR = 3.77; 95% CI:1.27-11.21), the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (aOR = 1.42; 95% CI:1.01-1.99), Republic of Moldova (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI:1.11-2.12), Belize (aOR = 13.95; 95% CI:1.91-102.02), Panama (aOR = 5.14; 95% CI: 2.37-11.14) and Mongolia (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI:1.19-1.94). …”
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    A cross-country comparison of the prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisements among adolescents aged 13–15 years in 20 low and middle income countries
  8. 1268
    “…BACKGROUND: Cavendish, the most widely grown banana cultivar, is relatively resistant to Race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc1) which caused widespread Panama disease during the first half of the 20(th) century but is susceptible to Tropical Race 4 of Foc (Foc TR4) which is threatening world banana production. …”
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    Analysis of banana transcriptome and global gene expression profiles in banana roots in response to infection by race 1 and tropical race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
  9. 1269
    “…The sympatric occurrence of several Trachymyrmex and Sericomyrmex higher attine ants in Gamboa, Panama provided the opportunity to do a quantitative study of species-level interaction-specificity. …”
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    Variable interaction specificity and symbiont performance in Panamanian Trachymyrmex and Sericomyrmex fungus-growing ants
  10. 1270
    “…METHODS: PASMO surveyed MSM in 10 cities across Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama in 2012 using respondent-driven sampling. We used coarsened exact matching to create statistically equivalent groups of men exposed and non-exposed to the program, matching on education, measures of social interaction, and exposure to other HIV prevention programs. …”
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    Effectiveness of a combination prevention strategy for HIV risk reduction with men who have sex with men in Central America: a mid-term evaluation
  11. 1271
    “…The proportion involving natural water was high in Finland (93%), Panama (87%), and Lithuania (85%). CONCLUSIONS: After considering the completeness of reporting and quality of classifying drowning deaths across countries, we conclude that drowning is a high-priority public health problem in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Japan (older adults involving bathtubs), and the USA (involving swimming pools).…”
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    Unintentional drowning mortality, by age and body of water: an analysis of 60 countries
  12. 1272
    “…RESULTS: Specimens of the N. humilis group were collected in Central America, from eastern Mexico to the Canal Zone of Panama. Major nodes were dated for comparison to the geologic history of Central America, and ancestral ranges were estimated for the N. humilis/quaggulus complex to test hypothesized dispersal patterns. …”
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    Biogeography and evolution of a widespread Central American lizard species complex: Norops humilis, (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
  13. 1273
    “…METHODS: We used hospital-based surveillance to identify laboratory-confirmed influenza deaths in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and Dominican Republic. An influenza death was defined as a person who died within two weeks of a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) defined as sudden onset of fever >38 °C, cough or sore-throat, and shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing requiring hospitalization, and who tested positive for influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus by real time polymerase chain reaction. …”
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    Demographic and clinical characteristics of deaths associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 in Central America and Dominican Republic 2009–2010
  14. 1274
    “…BACKGROUND: Panama has an extensive mangrove area and it is one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in America. …”
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    Phytochemical composition, antiparasitic and α–glucosidase inhibition activities from Pelliciera rhizophorae
  15. 1275
    “…Then the genus spread into South America probably via the Isthmus of Panama since the Miocene onward, and underwent regional extinctions in the Boreotropics of mid-high-latitudes during the Neogene climatic cooling. …”
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    Bilobate leaves of Bauhinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Cercideae) from the middle Miocene of Fujian Province, southeastern China and their biogeographic implications
  16. 1276
    “…Here, we consider an exceptionally large dataset (113,952 individuals representing 5,858 species), obtained from the San Lorenzo forest in Panama, where the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa was surveyed using 14 protocols targeting the soil, litter, understory, lower and upper canopy habitats, replicated across seasons in 2003 and 2004. …”
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    Arthropod Distribution in a Tropical Rainforest: Tackling a Four Dimensional Puzzle
  17. 1277
    “…RESULTS: In a mark-recapture study of 14 mixed-sex M. molossus social groups in Gamboa, Panama, spanning several years we found the expected relatively small and intermediate, but stable groups, with a mean size of 9.6 ± 6.7 adults and juveniles. …”
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    Group size, survival and surprisingly short lifespan in socially foraging bats
  18. 1278
    “…From a phylogeographic perspective, our research indicates hawksbills colonized the EP via the Indo‐Pacific, and do not represent relict populations isolated from the Atlantic by the rising of the Panama Isthmus. Low overall genetic diversity in the EP is likely the combined result of few rookeries, extremely small reproductive populations and evolutionarily recent colonization events. …”
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    Hawksbill turtle terra incognita: conservation genetics of eastern Pacific rookeries
  19. 1279
    “…Herein we have characterized the spatial ecology of C. acutus on Coiba Island, Panama, by radio-tracking (VHF transmitters) 24 individuals between 2010 and 2013, to determine movement patterns, home range, and habitat use. …”
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    Spatial Ecology of the American Crocodile in a Tropical Pacific Island in Central America
  20. 1280
    “…Therefore, this study aimed at increasing cytogenetic knowledge of the genus through the characterization of other six species: Acromyrmex balzani (Emery, 1890), Acromyrmex coronatus Fabricius, 1804, Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr, 1887), Acromyrmex echinatior (Forel, 1899), Acromyrmex niger (Smith, 1858) and Acromyrmex rugosus (Smith, 1858), all of which were collected in Minas Gerais – Brazil, except for Acromyrmex echinatior which was collected in Barro Colorado – Panama. The number and morphology of the chromosomes were studied and the following banding techniques were applied: C-banding, fluorochromes CMA(3) and DAPI, as well as the detection of 45S rDNA using FISH technique. …”
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    Cytogenetic data on six leafcutter ants of the genus Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae): insights into chromosome evolution and taxonomic implications
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