“…One ORF (called the PENS sub-domain), had a deduced amino acid (aa) sequence homologous to the GIY-YIG endonuclease domain of penelope-like retrotransposons while two others were homologous to the reverse transcriptase (RT) and RNaseH domains of the pol gene of non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons (called the NLRS sub-domain). …”
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“…In order to determine whether the virus is adapting to wild waterbirds, we experimentally inoculated the HPAI H5N8 virus clade 2.3.4.4 group A from 2014 into four key waterbird species—Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), common teal (Anas crecca), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and common pochard (Aythya ferina)—and compared virus excretion and disease severity with historical data of the HPAI H5N1 virus infection from 2005 in the same four species. …”
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“…Monte Carlo method in Medical Physics is not a novelty to approach dosimetric problems. A new PENELOPE based code named PRIMO recently was published. …”
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“…The PRIMO package, based on PENELOPE Monte Carlo code, was used. The phase-space files for a Varian TrueBeam linac, provided by the linac vendor, were used for the linac head simulation. …”
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“…To account for the probability of the γ-rays escaping from the crystal, Monte Carlo simulations using PENELOPE were performed in which point-like sources of monoenergetic photons were generated, inside LYSO square base prisms (all 1 cm thick) of different sizes: 1.0 cm to 5.74 cm. …”
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“…Utilizing the Phy-X/PSD program, within the 0.015–15 MeV energy range, linear attenuation coefficients (µ) and mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were calculated, and the attained μ/ρ quantities match well with respective simulation results computed by MCNPX, Geant4, and Penelope codes. Instead of B(2)O(3)/CaO or B(2)O(3)/SrO, the Bi(2)O(3) addition causes improved γ-ray shielding competence, i.e., rise in effective atomic number (Z(eff)) and a fall in half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). …”
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“…Haemosporidian prevalence was 72% overall, 66.7% for Haemoproteus spp. and 5.4% for Plasmodium spp. and respectively by bird species: Spix’s Guan (Penelope jacquacu, n = 72) 87.5% and 0%, Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum, n = 45) 77.8% and 6.7%, White-winged Trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera, n = 20) 6.3% and 12.5%, Blue-throated Piping-guan (Pipile cumanensis, n = 16) 73.3% and 6.7%, and Great Tinamou (Tinamus major, n = 15) 10% and 15%. …”
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“…Recent long-term studies with Palbociclib, including the PALLAS and PENELOPE B, which failed to meet their primary endpoints of influencing progression-free survival, suggest a deeper mechanistic understanding of cyclin/CDK functions is required. …”
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“…For dose calculations we used validated Monte Carlo-based tools (PRIMO, TOPAS, PENELOPE), while lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was estimated from dose-response relationships for cancer induction, proposed by Schneider et al. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: PRIMO is a graphical environment based on PENELOPE Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of radiotherapy beams able to compute dose distribution in patients, from plans with different techniques. …”
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“…Eurasian wigeons (Mareca penelope), mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and Northern pintails (Anas acuta) were intranasally inoculated with 10(6), 10(4), or 10(2) 50% egg infectious dose (EID(50)) of clade 2.3.4.4e A/teal/Tottori/1/2016 (H5N6). …”
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