“…Subsequent sections address: (i) the ways in which general ideas, developed subsequent to the discovery of MHC restriction, about the intricacies of antigen recognition by antibodies apply to T cell receptors binding to MHC/peptide complexes; (ii) how to reconcile the existence of MHC restriction with the impressive magnitude of T cell responses to nonself MHC antigens; (iii) the possible relevance to MHC restriction and immune system function of ideas from mathematical logic that relate to the consequences of self-reference; and (iv) the implications for the philosophy of science of MHC restriction and the processes of its discovery and acceptance within the immunology research community.…”
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“…On the basis of insights from the history and philosophy of science, we argue that the reduction of heterogeneity is important for progress in psychology and its practical applications, and we suggest changes to our collective research practice toward this end.…”
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“…We draw upon literature from science education and philosophy of science and advance our theoretical argument about why it is critical for students to develop and use multiple models as part of their science learning experiences in general, and how the practice benefits students in the context of SSI in particular. …”
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“…Within this framework, a debate has emerged in the philosophy of science literature about the relevance for climate modelling of the mathematical notion of structural stability. …”
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“…This paper critically assesses the current debates in philosophy of science that focus on the concept of values. …”
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“…Trying to answer this question, we adopted a definition of ‘scientific understanding’ from the philosophy of science that enabled us to overview the scattered literature on the topic and, combined with dozens of anecdotes from scientists, map out three dimensions of computer-assisted scientific understanding. …”
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“…In doing so, I note their limitations and link their overarching goals to those found within the philosophy of science. I argue that Lakatos’s MSRP and specifically his classifications of “progressive” and “degenerative” research programmes can be analogized and repurposed for the evaluation of scholarly journals. …”
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“…The fourth discusses how the course might be revised by eliminating topics (e.g., the Middle Ages), expanding topics and subtopics (e.g., the behaviorisms, philosophy of science) and adding topics and subtopics (e.g., institutional history; diversity, inclusion, and equity). …”
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“…Therefore, the aim of this article is to examine the scientific integrity of ADHD, to establish why this is the case. I use a philosophy of science framework to track the initial thinking, the plausibility, and the acceptance of ADHD. …”
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“…I illustrate the various types of relationships with examples from medicine, physics, psychology, history and philosophy of science, machine learning, education, and neuroscience. …”
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“…To this end, we rely in our analysis on recent discussions in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of medicine. Important unanswered foundational questions are identified and possible ways to answer them are considered. …”
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“…We then explore why teleonomy subsequently foundered and consider whether the term may yet have significance for discussions of goal-directedness in evolutionary biology and philosophy of science. This involves clarifying the relationship between teleonomy and teleological explanation, as well as asking how the concept of teleonomy impinges on research at the frontiers of evolutionary theory.…”
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“…This article presents a how-to guide for employing LLMs in academic settings, focusing on their unique strengths, constraints and implications through the lens of philosophy of science and epistemology. Using ChatGPT as a case study, I identify and elaborate on three attributes contributing to its effectiveness—intelligence, versatility and collaboration—accompanied by tips on crafting effective prompts, practical use cases and a living resource online (https://osf.io/8vpwu/). …”
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“…The term “paradigm” describes a philosophy of science, a generally accepted model of how ideas relate to one another, forming a conceptual framework within which scientific research is carried out. …”
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“…One reason of such a mess may be that it is common in the natural sciences to disregard philosophy of science where several categories of definitions are recognized, among which the nominal are less, and the so-called real ones are more appropriate in scientific contexts. …”
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“…While scientific pluralism enjoys widespread popularity within the philosophy of science, a related position, epistemic relativism, does not have much traction. …”
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“…Drawing on recent work in philosophy of science, we finally describe how metacognitive scaffolds can be used to avoid epistemological obstacles and foster innovative collaboration in AI ethics in general and machine ethics in particular.…”
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“…He studies the philosophy of science, the use and misuses of uncertainty - from truth to modeling. …”
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“…Por sólo mencionar algunos podemos citar la publicación de un número especial en 2005 en el Journal ofDocumentation en su volumen 61, Número 3, sobre Library and Information Science and the philosophy of Science dirigido por Birger Hjørland; el Seminario Pesquisa em Ciência da Informação:Epistemologia, Metodologia e Práticas, organizado por el Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT) en 2007; y el encuentro Thinking Critically: Alternative Perspectivesand Methods in Information Studies, organizado por el Center for Information Policy Research, School of Information Studies of University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, en mayo de 2008.…”
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