“…BACKGROUND: We investigated the efficacy, safety and cost of lime wash of household walls plus treatment of sand fly breeding places with bleach (i.e. environmental management or EM), insecticide impregnated durable wall lining (DWL), and bed net impregnation with slow release insecticide (ITN) for sand fly control in the Indian sub-continent. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, caused by the infection of Leishmania parasites which are transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sand flies. Leishmania tropica is transmitted by Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus arabicus while the main reservoir host is the rock hyrax. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in Palestine and transmitted by Phlebotomus sand flies. They inhabit dens of hyraxes, the reservoir animal. …”
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“…Rheological measurements and sand pack breakthrough pressure tests were carried out to measure the gel strength. …”
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“…In the case of sand replacement, it was the opposite—an increase of 100%. …”
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“…They begin by excavating sand, which exposes the nylon snare, transporting sand away from it, and then biting at the snare itself. …”
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“…UNK2 and SAND would be appropriate for normalizing gene expression data for salt-treated roots, whereas the combination of UNK2, SAND and EF-1α would be appropriate for salt-treated leaves. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected disease. Inside the natural sand fly vector, the promastigote forms of Leishmania undergo a series of extracellular developmental stages to reach the infectious stage, the metacyclic promastigote. …”
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“…The tailing sand is poor in nutrients, which effectively complicates the vegetation process. …”
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“…When 5% alginate was used with a CaCO (3) concentration of 0.18 g g(−1) sand, the permeability of the alginate‐treated sand reduced from 5.0 × 10(−4) to 2.2 × 10(−9) m s(−1). …”
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“…In this study, a small-animal model of gas-gun mediated high velocity sand blast was used to investigate this mechanism. …”
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“…The energetic cost of walking on dry sand is twice that of walking on firm ground (Lejeune et al., 1998). …”
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“…Sand dominates most of the study area, particularly in the northeast near Hufof. …”
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“…Natural river sand resources are facing depletion, and large-scale mining pollutes the environment and harms humans. …”
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“…The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis takes blood from a variety of wild and domestic animals and transmits Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis. …”
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“…The best sand ratio is not consistent with the strength index. …”
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“…RESULTS: The sensitivity of LD-qPCR and LD-RPA assays were found to be 96.43 and 100%, respectively, against microscopy for the selected fed sand flies (n = 28), and an absolute specificity of both molecular tools for apparently unfed sand flies (n = 30). …”
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“…Methods and results: We further characterized the role of previously described gut-specific P. papatasi defensin (PpDef1) and identified the second defensin (PpDef2) expressed in various sand fly tissues. Using the RNAi-mediated gene silencing, we report that the silencing of PpDef1 gene or simultaneous silencing of both defensin genes (PpDef1 and PpDef2) resulted in increased parasite levels in the sand fly (detectable by PCR) and higher sand fly mortality. …”
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“…The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), the disseminated and most serious form of the disease in Central and South America. …”
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“…Drums produced by the painted goby showed significantly higher dominant frequencies, higher sound pulse repetition rates and longer intervals between sounds than those of the sand goby. In the sand goby, male quality was predicted by visual and acoustic courtship signals. …”
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