“…BACKGROUND: The most critical phase in sand fly colonization is the high mortality in the larval instars. …”
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“…This study provides both a methodological approach for the design and implementation of larger studies, and preliminary data suggesting contacts with dirt and sand may be important mechanisms of hand contamination. …”
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“…The sand dunes and inter-dune zones of the hyper-arid central Namib Desert represent heterogeneous soil habitats. …”
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“…The physiological characteristics of the isolates from different types of crusts or bare sand samples were specific to their respective micro-ecological environments. …”
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“…Erosion, with no identified change in the river’s discharge and in wave and wind conditions over this recent period, is consistent with: (1) a reported significant decrease in coastal surface suspended sediment from the Mekong that may be linked to dam retention of its sediment, (2) large-scale commercial sand mining in the river and delta channels, and (3) subsidence due to groundwater extraction. …”
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“…Sea turtles are reliant on low-lying coastal habitats worldwide for nesting, where eggs buried in the sand remain vulnerable to inundation until hatching. …”
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“…The task took place in a large cylinder and required rats to dig in a specific sand cup, from among 16 alternatives, to obtain a food reward. …”
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“…Occasional episodes of arid climate, as well as local sand mining, will aggravate the lake recession crisis. …”
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“…The size of the intermediate pool was strongly related to the percentage of sand particle. The decomposition rate of the intermediate pool was negatively related to soil nitrogen availability. …”
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“…Field studies were conducted on established turfgrass sites with mixtures of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in sand and loam soils. Each study compared 0 kg N ha(-1) (control) to 200 kg N ha(-1) applied as either urea or PCU (Duration 45CR®). …”
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“…Neutrophils are the predominant recruited and infected cells during the early stages of Leishmania major infection in the skin, and depletion of neutrophils promotes immunity to infection transmitted by sand fly bite. In order to better understand how the acute neutrophilic response suppresses immunity, we assessed the consequences of the interaction between neutrophils recovered from the skin-inoculation site and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. …”
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“…The fractal dimension (D) showed linear relationships between clay, silt, and sand contents, with coefficients of determination from 0.843 to 0.875, suggesting that using of D to evaluate the PSD of artificial soils is reasonable. …”
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“…Four main types of sedimentary deposits were identified: a) gravel fields consisting mostly of isolated cobbles and boulders, b) sand sheets from a few to ~ 25 cm thick, c) piles of organic (mostly vegetation) and man-made material forming debris ramparts, and d) surface mud deposits that settled from suspension from standing water in the tsunami aftermath. …”
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“…Adults can easily learn and access multiple versions of the same motor skill adapted for different conditions (e.g., walking in water, sand, snow). Following even a single session of adaptation, adults exhibit clear day-to-day retention and faster re-learning of the adapted pattern. …”
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“…This was achieved by thinning the bulk MoS(2) by mechanical exfoliation between sand papers and dispersing it by liquid exfoliation through probe sonication in water. …”
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“…Plants grew in sterile sand, supplied with N-free nutrient solution and inoculated with effective Bradyrhizobium strains; other treatments consisted of plants treated with (i) 500 µM NH(4)NO(3); and (ii) 500 µM NH(4)NO(3) and inoculation with effective rhizobial strains. …”
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“…It is transmitted by phlebotomine female sand flies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia in the old and new world, respectively. …”
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“…Large-scale patterns evident from satellite images of aeolian landforms on Earth and other planets; those of intermediate scale in marine and terrestrial sand ripples and sediment profiles; and small-scale patterns such as lamellae in the bones of vertebrates and annuli in fish scales are each represented by layers of different thicknesses and lengths. …”
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“…The remainder adopted a strategy of searching sand banks in shallow inshore waters in the absence of conspecifics and other predators for large, single prey items. …”
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“…Moreover, antlion larvae can learn to associate vibrational cues with the loss of their prey, and they respond by burying their victims under the sand more often and more rapidly than do individuals with no opportunities to form such associations. …”
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