“…PURPOSE: To analyze the determinants of tobacco smoking addiction in rural areas. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on February 2020. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Negative emotional states contribute to cigarette smoking, and difficulties in regulating these states can hinder smoking cessation. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to assess the national level of compliance with the Chilean smoke-free legislation in the urban public transportation system. …”
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“…However, in a different MR analysis, smoking was significantly associated with reduced hay fever and reduced allergic sensitization risk. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of morbidity and mortality of the mother and child. …”
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“…OBJECTIVES: Tobacco smoking is a major public health concern and a leading cause of preventable death. …”
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“…The extent of acinar insult, intensity, and type of immune response determines the severity of the disease. Smoking, alcohol and autoimmune pancreatitis are some of the predominant risk factors that increase the risk of pancreatitis by differentially influencing the adaptive immune system. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: Urinary nicotine and cotinine levels are often measured as biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure. However, these biomarkers are not appropriate to evaluate the effects of quitting smoking for several days, because of their short half-lives. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: Enclosed designated smoking areas (DSAs) and smoking zones are allowed in food-serving venues in Kazakhstan. …”
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“…METHODS AND RESULTS: Our primary genetic instrument comprised 361 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with smoking initiation (ever smoked regularly) at genome-wide significance. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for several autoimmune diseases, but its role in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) remains unclear. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: While the smoking-related risk of experiencing an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is well established, it remains unclear whether smoking has an unexpected “protective effect” in aSAH, or if smokers are more at risk for complications and poor outcomes. …”
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“…The electronic cigarette (EC), was initially introduced as a safe alternative to conventional cigarette smoking While initially seemingly innocuous, over 2800 E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases have been reported in the USA, with a spectrum of clinical severity ranging from mild dyspnea to overt respiratory failure In this report we highlight three EVALI cases whom presented with dyspnea and a variety of non-specific symptoms. …”
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“…Cigarette smoking has negative effects on the respiratory system, particularly pulmonary functions. …”
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“…However, the relative risk of mortality and the effects of smoking vary among the countries. Indonesia, as one of the world’s largest market for smoking tobacco, is significantly affected by tobacco-related illness. …”
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