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621
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622“…The topical carcinogenicity to mouse skin of smoke condensates obtained from a tobacco substitute (NSM), alone or in combination with tobacco, has been compared with condensate from tobacco and with acetone, the solvent used. …”
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623“…BACKGROUND: Healthcare services often use a carbon monoxide (CO) breath test to validate self-reported smoking and to assess reductions in smoking habit. …”
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624“…Questionnaires assessed the smoking behaviour of twins and the perceived smoking behaviour of friends and parents. …”
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625por Sirichotiratana, Nithat, Techatraisakdi, Chairat, Rahman, Khalillur, Warren, Charles W, Jones, Nathan R, Asma, Samira, Lee, Juliette“…Almost 2 in 10 Thai students start smoking before the age of 10, and almost 7 in 10 students are reported to have been exposed to smoke from others in public places. …”
Publicado 2008
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626“…Narguileh is a water pipe. Narguileh smoking is a traditional pattern of smoking among Eastern Mediterranean women, publicly considered as a harmless entertainment. …”
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627por Ceraso, Marion, McElroy, Jane A., Kuang, Xiaodong, Vila, Peter M., Jorenby, Douglas E., Fiore, Michael C., Du, Xueping, Qian, Ning, Lu, Long, Ren, Hongkun“…INTRODUCTION: Successful interventions to reduce the high rate of smoking among male physicians in China might contribute to reduction in tobacco use in the country overall. …”
Publicado 2008
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628por Nebot, Manel, López, Maria J., Ariza, Carles, Pérez-Ríos, Mónica, Fu, Marcela, Schiaffino, Anna, Muñoz, Gloria, Saltó, Esteve, Fernández, Esteve“…The law bans smoking in all indoor workplaces but only in some hospitality venues, because owners are allowed to establish a smoking zone (venues > 100 m(2)) or to allow smoking without restrictions (venues < 100 m(2)). …”
Publicado 2009
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629“…BACKGROUND: Roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes have increased in popularity, yet their comparative potential toxicity is uncertain. This study compares smoking of RYO and factory-made (FM) cigarettes on smoking pattern and immediate potential toxicity. …”
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630por Sabiston, Catherine M., Lovato, Chris Y., Ahmed, Rashid, Pullman, Allison W., Hadd, Valerie, Campbell, H. Sharon, Nykiforuk, Candace, Brown, K. Stephen“…The purpose of this study was to explore individual- and school-level policy characteristics on student smoking behavior using an ecological perspective. …”
Publicado 2009
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631por Hiemstra, Marieke, Ringlever, Linda, Otten, Roy, Jackson, Christine, van Schayck, Onno CP, Engels, Rutger CME“…BACKGROUND: A strong increase in smoking is noted especially among adolescents. In the Netherlands, about 5% of all 10-year olds, 25% of all 13-year olds and 62% of all 17-year olds report ever smoking. …”
Publicado 2009
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632por Liu, Ruiling, Hammond, S. Katharine, Hyland, Andrew, Travers, Mark J., Yang, Yan, Nan, Yi, Feng, Guoze, Li, Qiang, Jiang, Yuan“…Despite the great progress made towards smoke-free environments, only 9% of countries worldwide mandate smoke-free restaurants and bars. …”
Publicado 2011
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633“…INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is higher among children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) households. …”
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634por Tse, Lap Ah, Yu, Ignatius Tak-sun, Qiu, Hong, Au, Joseph Siu Kai, Wang, Xiao-rong“…Objectives: We conducted a population-based case–referent study to examine the effect of incense smoke exposure on lung cancer risk among Chinese males and explored the joint effect of cigarette smoking and exposure to residential radon. …”
Publicado 2011
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635“…BACKGROUND: There is substantial empirical evidence on the benefits of smoking bans; however, the unintended consequences of this anti-smoking measure have received little attention. …”
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636por Puig, Carme, Vall, Oriol, García-Algar, Óscar, Papaseit, Esther, Pichini, Simona, Saltó, Esteve, Villalbí, Joan R“…BACKGROUND: Over the last few years a decreasing trend in smoking has occurred not only in the general population but also during pregnancy. …”
Publicado 2012
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637por Federico, Bruno, Capelli, Giovanni, Costa, Giuseppe, Mackenbach, Johan P, Kunst, Anton E“…In this study, we aimed at comparing information derived from commonly used measures of smoking with that presented in modified population pyramids (PPs), using the example of the diffusion of smoking in Italy over the past two decades. …”
Publicado 2012
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638por Xu, Tao, Holzapfel, Christina, Dong, Xiao, Bader, Erik, Yu, Zhonghao, Prehn, Cornelia, Perstorfer, Katrin, Jaremek, Marta, Roemisch-Margl, Werner, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Li, Yixue, Wichmann, H -Erich, Wallaschofski, Henri, Ladwig, Karl H, Theis, Fabian, Suhre, Karsten, Adamski, Jerzy, Illig, Thomas, Peters, Annette, Wang-Sattler, Rui“…The metabolites identified may serve as potential biomarkers to evaluate the status of smoking cessation and characterize smoking-related diseases.…”
Publicado 2013
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639“…INTRODUCTION: An increasing number of US states and localities have implemented comprehensive policies prohibiting tobacco smoking in all indoor areas of public places and worksites. …”
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640“…BACKGROUND: Smoking rates among Korean adult males is still high despite multifaceted efforts to reduce it. …”
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