“…Although cigarette smoking is a principal risk factor for bladder cancer in both men and women, few studies have statistically evaluated whether gender modifies the effect of smoking on bladder cancer risk. …”
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“…Smoking has been associated with several concerns in pregnancy including miscarriage, preterm delivery and stillbirth. …”
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“…Any public health policy designed to curb smoking behavior has to prepare for opposite lobbying actions from tobacco companies that undermine the effects of the health measures. …”
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“…According to World Health Organisation figures, 30% of all cancer deaths, 20% of all coronary heart diseases and strokes and 80% of all chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are caused by cigarette smoking. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure has also been shown to be associated with disease and premature death in non-smokers. …”
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“…Cigarette use is a known risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) as it adversely affects HDL cholesterol levels and promotes thrombogenesis. Smoking may also be associated with behavioral characteristics that potentiate the risk of CAD. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: African countries are a major potential market for the tobacco industry, and the smoking epidemic is at various stages of evolution across the continent. …”
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“…Carbon monoxide poisoning has been reported as a result of exposure to various sources of smoke, such as car exhaust fumes, home water heaters and tobacco smoke. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: We sought to identify factors that affect the passage of public health legislation by examining the use of arguments, particularly arguments presenting research evidence, in legislative debates regarding workplace smoking restrictions. METHODS: We conducted a case-study based content analysis of legislative materials used in the development of six state workplace smoking laws, including written and spoken testimony and the text of proposed and passed bills and amendments. …”
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“…Our results suggest that the smoking-associated risk for acute myeloid leukaemia is restricted to the t(8;21)(q22;q22) subgroup. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for adverse health events in HIV-infected populations. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cigarette smoking in the United States has decreased, but current rates remain above nationally set objectives. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Although the smoking rate in the United States is declining because of an increase of smoke-free laws, among blue-collar workers it remains higher than that among many other occupational groups. …”
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“…Those who endorsed more positive beliefs on physical and social consequences of smoking (OR = 0.69) and who had mostly smoking friends (OR = 0.37) were less likely to be successful in quitting smoking. …”
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“…This study investigates how secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure influences neonatal birth weight in Jordan, a country with high smoking prevalence. …”
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“…Evidence independently links smoking, family history, and gender with increased risk of adenomatous polyps. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking affects the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior of many drugs and causes deterioration of pulmonary mechanics. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION: Given there are few experimental studies comparing the effects of snus and medicinal products for quitting smoking, self-reports from smokers who have used different methods for quitting smoking can be informative. …”
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“…METHODS: A survey of 11 095 urban and rural women attending high school or college, aged 14–24 years, in 6 Chinese provinces was conducted. Ever-smoking (ES), current smoking, established smoking and intention to smoke frequencies were calculated. …”
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“…Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the US, and decreasing smoking prevalence is a public health priority. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The adult smoking prevalence has declined more in California than the rest of the US in the past 2 decades. …”
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