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  1. 1741
    “…Compared to the substantial volume of research on the general health consequences associated with chronic smoking, little research has been specifically devoted to the investigation of its effects on human neurobiology and neurocognition. …”
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    Chronic Cigarette Smoking: Implications for Neurocognition and Brain Neurobiology
  2. 1742
    “…Of 127 ever-smoker nurses who responded to the related item, 90% started smoking during or after nursing education. This pattern of smoking initiation was different from the pattern in developed countries where nurses had already started smoking before beginning that training. …”
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    Smoking among Nurses in Turkey: Comparison with Other Countries
  3. 1743
    “…Cigarette smokers and those exposed to second hand smoke are more susceptible to life threatening infection than non-smokers. …”
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    Tobacco Smoke Mediated Induction of Sinonasal Microbial Biofilms
  4. 1744
    “…The results suggested a predominance of a Th2 type of immune response associated with the presence of the tumor (especially in the case of heavy smokers who smoke more than 40 pack–years). However, shifts towards a Th1 type of immune response as well as an improvement of monocyte functions were noticed after surgery.…”
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    Impact of smoking on the immunological profile of patients with laryngeal carcinoma
  5. 1745
    “…BACKGROUND: Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. To clarify the contribution of smoking to periodontitis, it is essential to assess the relationship between smoking and the subgingival microflora. …”
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    Effect of smoking on subgingival microflora of patients with periodontitis in Japan
  6. 1746
    “…Smoking is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality. …”
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    Smoking Related Diseases: The Central Role of Monoamine Oxidase
  7. 1747
    por Hudson, Sheena, Thomson, George
    Publicado 2011
    “…BACKGROUND: The normality of smoking that children are exposed to is associated with increased risk of smoking uptake. …”
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    Policymakers and the example of smoking to children: A qualitative study
  8. 1748
    por Nesic, J., Rusted, J., Duka, T., Jackson, A.
    Publicado 2011
    “…Twenty-four LD and 24 HD smokers (Fagerström dependence scores ≤ 4 and ≥ 5, respectively) were randomly allocated to non-smoking or smoking condition (12 LD and 12 HD participants per condition). …”
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    Degree of dependence influences the effect of smoking on cognitive flexibility
  9. 1749
    por Moerman, J W, Potts, G E
    Publicado 2011
    “…METHODS: Smoked cigarette butts and unsmoked cigarettes were added to phials containing aqueous solutions of pH 4.00, 5.00 and 6.00 (±0.05). …”
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    Analysis of metals leached from smoked cigarette litter
  10. 1750
    por Sangani, Rahul G, Ghio, Andrew J
    Publicado 2011
    “…The specific component responsible and the mechanistic pathway for increased human morbidity and mortality after cigarette smoking are yet to be delineated. We propose that 1) injury and disease following cigarette smoking are associated with exposure to and retention of particles produced during smoking and 2) the biological effects of particles associated with cigarette smoking share a single mechanism of injury with all particles. …”
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    Lung injury after cigarette smoking is particle related
  11. 1751
    “…OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the economic impact of Mexico City's 2008 smoke-free law—The Non-Smokers' Health Protection Law on restaurants, bars and nightclubs. …”
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    The economic impact of Mexico City's smoke-free law
  12. 1752
    por Hbejan, Khaled
    Publicado 2011
    “…OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in young adults (≤45 years). …”
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    Smoking Effect on Ischemic Heart Disease in Young Patients
  13. 1753
    “…The objective of this study was to determine the presence of specific NTHi-IgE antibodies in subjects with chronic bronchitis (CB) and COPD who had smoked. METHODS: Serum, sputum, and saliva samples were collected from subjects with CB and moderate–severe COPD and healthy aged-matched controls. …”
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    Haemophilus influenzae and smoking-related obstructive airways disease
  14. 1754
    “…BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Smoking cessation advice is known as an important factor in motivating smokers to quit smoking. …”
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    Smoking cessation support in Iran: Availability, sources & predictors
  15. 1755
    “…RESULTS: Cigarette smoke was effective in induction of cell death. The smoke-induced cell death could be partially prevented by addition of nitric oxide (NO) scavenger, suggesting the role for NO as the cell death mediator. …”
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    Lethal impacts of cigarette smoke in cultured tobacco cells
  16. 1756
    “…BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data describing the exposure of Malaysian schoolchildren to Secondhand Smoke (SHS). The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing schoolchildren's exposures to SHS in Malaysia. …”
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    A survey of schoolchildren's exposure to secondhand smoke in Malaysia
  17. 1757
    “…A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for SIDS, including sleeping position, antenatal maternal smoking, postnatal parental smoking, premature birth, gender, lack of breastfeeding and socio-economic status. …”
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    Postnatal parental smoking: an important risk factor for SIDS
  18. 1758
    “…BACKGROUND: Smoking tobacco is a leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but although the majority of COPD cases can be directly related to smoking, only a quarter of smokers actually develop the disease. …”
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    Lung glutathione adaptive responses to cigarette smoke exposure
  19. 1759
    “…Oxidized products of nitric oxide can form nitrotyrosine, which is a marker of nitrative stress. Cigarette smoking decreases exhaled nitric oxide, and the underlying mechanism may be important in the cardiovascular toxicity of smoking. …”
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    Smoking, COPD, and 3-Nitrotyrosine Levels of Plasma Proteins
  20. 1760
    por Weinhold, Bob
    Publicado 2011
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    Fields and Forests in Flames: Vegetation Smoke and Human Health
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