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  1. 16161
    “…METHODS: In this prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study, we recruited adults with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms presenting at primary health-care centres and hospitals in eight countries (South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, India, China, Georgia, Belarus, and Brazil). …”
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    Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: a prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study
  2. 16162
    “…FINDINGS: Our search identified 387 studies, of which five RCTs were eligible for analysis. 8567 adult clinic attendees (4490 [63·5%] of 7074 participants for whom data were available were HIV-positive) were tested for tuberculosis with Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert group) versus sputum smear microscopy (sputum smear group), across five low-income and middle-income countries (South Africa, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Tanzania). …”
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    Effect of Xpert MTB/RIF on clinical outcomes in routine care settings: individual patient data meta-analysis
  3. 16163
    “…Results from phase II clinical trials in Italy (ISS T-002) and South Africa (ISS T-003) indicated that Tat vaccination promotes increases of CD4(+) T-cells and return to immune homeostasis while reducing the virus reservoir in chronically cART-treated patients. …”
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    Continued Decay of HIV Proviral DNA Upon Vaccination With HIV-1 Tat of Subjects on Long-Term ART: An 8-Year Follow-Up Study
  4. 16164
    “…For a country of 10 million adults (and a median of 880 000 people with HIV), we estimate that this approach would lead to a median of 1322 (90% range 67–3513) AIDS deaths averted per year over 3 years. For South Africa this would represent around 10 215 deaths averted annually. …”
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    Simplifying switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in sub Saharan Africa: predicted effect of using a single viral load to define efavirenz-based first-line failure
  5. 16165
    “…FUNDING: Global Health Innovative Technology Fund, UK Department for International Development, Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Wellcome Trust, Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa, and South African Medical Research Council.…”
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    Novel lipoarabinomannan point-of-care tuberculosis test for people with HIV: a diagnostic accuracy study
  6. 16166
    “…METHODS AND FINDINGS: In DolPHIN-1, HIV-infected treatment-naïve pregnant women (28–36 weeks of gestation, age 26 (19–42), weight 67kg (45–119), all Black African) in Uganda and South Africa were randomised 1:1 to dolutegravir (DTG) or efavirenz (EFV)-containing ART until 2 weeks post-partum (2wPP), between 9(th) March 2017 and 16(th) January 2018, with follow-up until six months postpartum. …”
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    Safety and pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir in pregnant mothers with HIV infection and their neonates: A randomised trial (DolPHIN-1 study)
  7. 16167
    “…HVTN 703/HPTN 081 enrolled high-risk heterosexual women at 20 sites in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. HIV testing occurs monthly. …”
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    1272. Feasibility and Successful Enrollment in Proof-of-Concept Trials to Assess Safety and Efficacy of a Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody, VRC01, to Prevent HIV-1 Acquisitionin in Uninfected Individuals
  8. 16168
    “…METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of PLWH 18+ years who had not initiated ART in South Africa. We followed participants for 14 months to determine onset of cryptococcal meningitis or all-cause mortality. …”
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    Cryptococcal antigenemia is associated with meningitis or death in HIV-infected adults with CD4 100–200 cells/mm(3)
  9. 16169
    “…METHODS: We will study 250 medication-free adults with OCD, 100 unaffected adult siblings of individuals with OCD, and 250 healthy control subjects at five expert research sites across five countries (Brazil, India, Netherlands, South Africa, and the U.S.). All participants will receive clinical evaluation, neurocognitive assessment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). …”
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    Toward identifying reproducible brain signatures of obsessive-compulsive profiles: rationale and methods for a new global initiative
  10. 16170
    “…This dataset included 183 samples from 127 incipient tuberculosis cases in South Africa, Ethiopia, The Gambia, and the UK. Eight signatures (comprising 1–25 transcripts) that predominantly reflect interferon and tumour necrosis factor-inducible gene expression, had equivalent diagnostic accuracy for incipient tuberculosis over a 2-year period with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0·70 (95% CI 0·64–0·76) to 0·77 (0·71–0·82). …”
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    Concise whole blood transcriptional signatures for incipient tuberculosis: a systematic review and patient-level pooled meta-analysis
  11. 16171
    “…We recruited consecutive symptomatic adults aged 18 years or older self-presenting to a tuberculosis clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants provided blood for RNA sequencing, and sputum samples for liquid culture and molecular testing using Xpert and Ultra. …”
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    Blood transcriptional biomarkers for active pulmonary tuberculosis in a high-burden setting: a prospective, observational, diagnostic accuracy study
  12. 16172
    “…METHODS: A nonprofit hearing research clinic using online and face-to-face services was implemented in Durban, South Africa, using online recruitment from the clinic’s Facebook page and Google AdWords, which directed persons to an online Web-based hearing screening test. …”
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    Patient Uptake, Experience, and Satisfaction Using Web-Based and Face-to-Face Hearing Health Services: Process Evaluation Study
  13. 16173
    “…Methods: 889 Black adults with previously undiagnosed diabetes, aged 40-79 years, from the population-based Health and Ageing in Africa: a Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) cohort were included. Concordance between ADA FPG (normoglycemia [NG] <100 mg/dl, prediabetes [pre-DM] 100-125 mg/dl, diabetes [DM] ≥ 126 mg/dl) and HbA(1c) (NG <5.7%, pre-DM 5.7-6.4%, DM ≥ 6.5%) classifications was assessed using Cohen’s kappa statistic and logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of discordance. …”
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    SUN-616 Poor Diagnostic Concordance Between Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in a Black South African Population
  14. 16174
    “…Most studies were published between 2014 and 2019 (78.9%) and were set in Nigeria (47.4%) and South Africa (26.3%). Studies most often assessed screening with Pap smears (31.6%) and measured uptake as ever screened (42.1%) or screened during the study period (36.8%). …”
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    Interventions to increase uptake of cervical screening in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review using the integrated behavioral model
  15. 16175
    “…Pregnant women were recruited from clinical sites in Cape Town, South Africa, and the Northern Plains region of the US. …”
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    Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco and Neonatal Brain Activity: Results From the Safe Passage Study
  16. 16176
    “…Regionally, South Asia (11) had the most validations, followed by South Africa (10) and West Asia (9). The Kessler-10 (7) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item scale (GAD-7) (6) were the most commonly validated tools for anxiety disorders, while the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (3) and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (3) were the most commonly validated tools for PTSD. …”
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    A systematic review of validated screening tools for anxiety disorders and PTSD in low to middle income countries
  17. 16177
    “…FUNDING: Funded by the Dutch Postcode Lottery in the Netherlands, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Humboldt-Stiftung), the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in South Africa/Mozambique, British Columbia Centre of Excellence in Canada, Doctors Without Borders (MSF USA), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health and Joachim Herz Foundation. …”
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    A stepped-wedge randomised trial on the impact of early ART initiation on HIV-patients’ economic outcomes in Eswatini
  18. 16178
    “…Yet, little is known about the gut microbiome composition of most communities in the very diverse African continent. South Africa comprises a richly diverse ethnolinguistic population that is experiencing an ongoing epidemiological transition and concurrent spike in the prevalence of obesity, largely attributed to a shift towards more Westernized diets and increasingly inactive lifestyle practices. …”
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    Gut microbiome profiling of a rural and urban South African cohort reveals biomarkers of a population in lifestyle transition
  19. 16179
    “…CONCLUSION: The TANDI was found to be valid and reliable for use with children aged 1–36 months in South Africa. It is recommended that the TANDI be included in future research to further investigate HRQoL and the impact of interventions in this vulnerable age group. …”
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    Validity and reliability testing of the Toddler and Infant (TANDI) Health Related Quality of Life instrument for very young children
  20. 16180
    “…BACKGROUND: Access to safe water for drinking and domestic activities remains a challenge in emerging economies like South Africa, forcing resource-limited communities to use microbiologically polluted river water for personal and household purposes, posing a public health risk. …”
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    Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body
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