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  1. 3761
    “…One such method of overcoming these issues is the use of 3D cultures, such as cell spheroids, to more accurately assess NBM-tissue interaction. …”
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    Pre-clinical 2D and 3D toxicity response to a panel of nanomaterials; comparative assessment of NBM-induced liver toxicity
  2. 3762
    “…METHODS: m(6)A-RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing were used to screen m(6)A-related mRNAs and lncRNAs. qRT-PCR and FISH were utilized to analyse DDIT4-AS1 expression. Spheroid formation, colony formation, Western blot and flow cytometry assays were performed to analyse the cancer stemness and chemosensitivity of PDAC cells. …”
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    The m(6)A demethylase ALKBH5-mediated upregulation of DDIT4-AS1 maintains pancreatic cancer stemness and suppresses chemosensitivity by activating the mTOR pathway
  3. 3763
    “…We subsequently found that TGFβ1-promoted migration and invasion capabilities were decreased in PDK1 and PDK2 knockdown cells. The tumor spheroid-forming capability, motility, CSC genes, and multidrug-resistant genes were downregulated in PDK1 and PDK2 silencing CSCs. …”
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    PDK1- and PDK2-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the TGFβ1-promoted stem-like properties in head and neck cancer
  4. 3764
    “…Characteristics of tumor cells were investigated in a 3D spheroid model by SEM and metabolic activity, adhesion, anti-apoptosis, migratory ability evaluated by MTT assay, adhesion assay, flowcytometry and scratch assay. …”
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    Acidic ascites inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and correlates with the metabolomic, lipidomic and inflammatory phenotype of human patients
  5. 3765
    “…METHODS: We generated a xenograft (PDX) and a cancer tissue-originated spheroid (CTOS) from a patient’s cancer containing an amplified HER2 E401G mutation. …”
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    Anti-cancer effect of afatinib, dual inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR, on novel mutation HER2 E401G in models of patient-derived cancer
  6. 3766
    “…In addition, two compounds, xanthurenic acid and caelestine C (from the Davis Open Access Natural Product-based Library, Griffith University QLD), were discovered to block invasion at micromolar doses in both GBM lines (IC(50) values from 0.03 to 1 µM), without cytotoxicity, as measured by full mitochondrial activity under conditions matching those in transwell assays and by normal growth in spheroid assays. Mechanisms of action of these agents based on published work are likely to involve modulation of glutamatergic receptor signaling. …”
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    Pharmacological Inhibition of Membrane Signaling Mechanisms Reduces the Invasiveness of U87-MG and U251-MG Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro
  7. 3767
    “…Functional studies were performed in 2D and 3D cell culture models, including proliferation, spheroid growth, and mitochondrial respiration analyses. …”
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    A combined computational and functional approach identifies IGF2BP2 as a driver of chemoresistance in a wide array of pre-clinical models of colorectal cancer
  8. 3768
    “…AQP1 ion channel inhibitors (AqB011; PMFC) reduced invasiveness of EC cell lines in transwell chamber and spheroid dispersal assays. In Ishikawa cells, transwell invasiveness was reduced ~41% by 80 µM AqB011 and ~55% by 0.5 mM 5-PMFC. …”
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    Reducing the Invasiveness of Low- and High-Grade Endometrial Cancers in Both Primary Human Cancer Biopsies and Cell Lines by the Inhibition of Aquaporin-1 Channels
  9. 3769
    “…Cytotoxicity was evaluated in monolayer and in multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) models by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt,MTS, proliferation assay and Cell Titer Glo 3D cell viability assay, respectively. …”
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    Antitumor activity of the investigational B7-H3 antibody-drug conjugate, vobramitamab duocarmazine, in preclinical models of neuroblastoma
  10. 3770
    “…Antiproliferative activities against CaCo2 and HeLa cancer cells were determined by a multicellular tumor spheroid-based cell proliferation assay. Toxicity was determined by Artemia franciscana bioassay. …”
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    High Performance Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysis of High Antioxidant Australian Fruits with Antiproliferative Activity Against Cancer Cells
  11. 3771
    “…Functionally, Syndecan-1 silencing significantly reduced 3D spheroid and colony formation. Intriguingly, qPCR results indicate downregulation of the IL-6, IL-8, CCL20, gp130 and EGFR mRNA upon Syndecan-1 suppression in both cell lines. …”
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    Syndecan-1 is a novel molecular marker for triple negative inflammatory breast cancer and modulates the cancer stem cell phenotype via the IL-6/STAT3, Notch and EGFR signaling pathways
  12. 3772
    “…Upregulating miR-500a-3p enhances, while silencing miR-500a-3p suppresses, the spheroid formation ability, fraction of side population and expression of cancer stem cell factors in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo in HCC cells. …”
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    miR-500a-3p promotes cancer stem cells properties via STAT3 pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma
  13. 3773
    “…Cells were characterized in vitro or in vivo to evaluate their molecular status, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, EdU, flow cytometry, colony formation, Transwell and 3D tumour spheroid invasion assays. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and western blotting were performed to test the mechanisms of activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway. …”
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    Cullin-7 (CUL7) is overexpressed in glioma cells and promotes tumorigenesis via NF-κB activation
  14. 3774
    “…The Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was employed to measure cell apoptosis ratio. Spheroid formation and flow cytometer assay was used to evaluate cell stemness. …”
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    CircRNA CDR1as/miR-641/HOXA9 pathway regulated stemness contributes to cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
  15. 3775
    “…The molecular mechanisms implicated in the regulation of IL-1β by hypoxia toward a metastatic gene expression profile and invasive properties were assessed performing gene and protein expression studies, PCR arrays, gene silencing and immunofluorescence analysis, co-immunoprecipitation and ChiP assays, ELISA, cell spreading, invasion and spheroid formation. RESULTS: We first determined that IL-1β expression correlates with the levels of HIF-1α as well as with a hypoxia-related gene signature in TNBC patients. …”
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    The IL1β-IL1R signaling is involved in the stimulatory effects triggered by hypoxia in breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)
  16. 3776
    “…We measured the malignant behaviors of OSCC under the treatment of CM from M1-like TAMs by performing colony forming assays, invasion assays, wound-healing assays, spheroid forming assays and in vivo xenograft experiments. …”
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    M1-like tumor-associated macrophages cascade a mesenchymal/stem-like phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the IL6/Stat3/THBS1 feedback loop
  17. 3777
    “…METHODS: Synergistic anti-tumor effect of the combined treatment was assessed in PANC1, ASPC1 and PANC28 PDAC cell lines in vitro as well as on tumor spheroids and microtissues, by evaluating combination index (CI), apoptosis, clonogenic capability. …”
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    HDAC class I inhibitor domatinostat sensitizes pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy by targeting cancer stem cell compartment via FOXM1 modulation
  18. 3778
    “…METHODS: In vitro NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells (HT29, HCT116, and LoVo) were evaluated for cell growth, chemo/radiotherapeutic sensitivity, apoptosis, and spheroid growth. Total RNA-seq was assessed in 6–24 hours NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells HT29 and HCT116 as compared with NIVO-treated PES43 human melanoma cells. …”
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    In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
  19. 3779
    “…Moreover, cell cycle analysis, colony and spheroid formation, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and matrigel drops evasion assays were carried out to provide novel insights on the anticancer properties of metformin. …”
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    Metformin counteracts stimulatory effects induced by insulin in primary breast cancer cells
  20. 3780
    “…The synergistic efficacy of the selected inhibitors was tested on tumorigenic phenotypes, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid formation, and clonogenicity, with appropriate mechanistic validation by cell cycle and apoptotic assays and protein expression of the involved molecules. …”
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    Preclinical assessment of synergistic efficacy of MELK and CDK inhibitors in adrenocortical cancer
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