“…Dissections and measurement of heads, venom sacs, and stingers revealed both coastal and inland colonies experience an increase in venom sac volume after 24 hours; in fact coastal colonies increased their venom volume by 75% after 24 h of flooding Whether this venom sac enlargement is due to diffusion of water or venom sac production is unknown. …”
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“…The aim of this report was to describe the utility of endoscopy in visualization and removal of an embedded corneal bee stinger. METHODS: A 44-year-old male patient developed toxic keratopathy after injury from a bee stinger. …”
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“…These conditions led us to remove the stinger surgically. Within 25 days of follow-up, the corneal infiltration decreased gradually, and visual acuity improved to 180/200. …”
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“…Management commonly includes removal of the stinger and both topical and systemic treatment with corticosteroids. …”
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“…Examinations revealed severe corneal swelling with stinger stuck in deep stroma and endothelial cell loss. …”
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“…They were divided into groups based on lactic acid sting test (LAST):‘stinger’ and ‘non-stinger’; transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurements; and sensitivity self-assessments: ‘sensitive’ and ‘non-sensitive’. …”
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“…This suggests scorpions show a trade-off between their two main weapon complexes: the metasoma carrying the stinger, and the pedipalps carrying the chelae.…”
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“…It warns that the wasp stinger has a saw-shaped texture, contains toxins that inflame the area where it stings. …”
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“…We assembled the largest time-calibrated phylogeny of Hymenoptera to date and investigated the origin and possible correlation of particular morphological and behavioral innovations with diversification in the order: the wasp waist of Apocrita; the stinger of Aculeata; parasitoidism, a specialized form of carnivory; and secondary phytophagy, a reversal to plant-feeding. …”
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“…Most severely affected cases have been observed when the venom sac was found with the stinger, with a likely greater amount of venom being delivered into the ocular structures. …”
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“…However, the timing of the initial presentation, the duration, and the location of the retained stinger differed in each case leading to different postsurgical outcomes.…”
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“…We studied the aggressive and predatory behaviors of the ant workers, conducted bioassays on the effect of their Dufour gland contents on termites, and analyzed these contents. (1) The workers defend themselves or eliminate termites by orienting their abdominal tip toward the opponent, stinger protruded. The chemicals emitted, apparently volatile, trigger the recruitment of nestmates situated in the vicinity and act without the stinger having to come into direct contact with the opponent. …”
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“…Animals using toxic peptides and proteins for predation or defense typically depend on specialized morphological structures, like fangs, spines, or a stinger, for effective intoxication. Here we show that amphibian poisons instead incorporate their own molecular system for toxin delivery to attacking predators. …”
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“…Acute tears may be initially overlooked, with the symptoms attributed to other, more common causes, such as cuff contusion or brachial plexus neuropraxia (“stinger” or “burner”). If undiagnosed, the tear may progress to an irreparable state at the time of eventual diagnosis. …”
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“…An adult female patient presented to our Unit of Dermatology, for a 10 days-old history of macular-erythematous lesions in her right upper limb, due to a sting by a mauve stinger Pelagia noctiluca. Dermoscopy showed a general pinkish background surmounted by numerous brown dots and lines, distributed along the surface of the skin. …”
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“…There was complete inflammatory resolution within a week, normal vision and no evidence of stinger migration after four weeks of follow up. The wound site healed with ciliary staphyloma. …”
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“…Some of the batoid species are characterized by a stinger with serrated edges, which is covered by a tegument made up of specialized cells that secrete toxins and enzymes with proteolytic activity. …”
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“…Scorpions are Arthropoda characterized by a tail ending in a terminal bulbous (telson) containing paired venom glands and the stinger. There are 19 known families of scorpions and more than 2200 species, of which about 50 from the families of Buthidae, Hemiscorpiidae and Scorpionidae are harmful to humans. …”
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“…However, effects of jellyfish outbreaks in the ecosystems remain poorly understood and little or no information is available on their dietary preferences - in relation to the seasonal shifts of prey abundance - and on the potential variability of their impact on marine food webs. The mauve stinger Pelagia noctiluca (Forsskål, 1775) is by far the most common outbreak-forming scyphozoan jellyfish in the Western Mediterranean. …”
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