“…Visual crowding reduces the visibility of a peripherally presented group of stimuli. …”
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“…Based on the data of Chinese Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies and the local government implicit short-term debt financed by local government financing vehicles (LGFVs) in 31 provinces, this paper shows that local government debt (LGD) negatively affects corporate R&D investment in China, thereby suggesting a strong crowding-out effect. The crowding-out effect is more pronounced when the firm is a non-state-owned enterprise (NSOE), the firm’s size is small, the firm’s age is young, or the firm is in the lower market competition. …”
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“…Visual crowding is the inability to recognize a target object in clutter. …”
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“…Crowding is a critical determinant of consumers' satisfaction with and preferences for different shopping and travel situations. …”
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“…Relationship of high population density to mental illness has been well known. The feeling of crowding has also been found to have a causal influence on individual's mental health. …”
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“…Crowding is a fundamental bottleneck in object recognition. …”
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“…Despite their obvious importance, crowding phenomena in membranes are much less well studied than in the cytoplasm. …”
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“…Here we chose to use the synthetic crowding agent Ficoll, which is commonly used to mimic cytosolic crowding conditions to study the crowding effect on the catalytic properties of glycolytic enzymes, namely phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and acylphosphatase. …”
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“…Here, we study the effects of crowding due to car density and driving fluctuations on the transport of vehicles. …”
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“…This article presents a crowd-verification approach for the visualization and expansion of biological networks. …”
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“…In this study, we investigated whether the first impression of a crowd of faces—crowd perception—is influenced by social background and cognitive processing. …”
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“…One such factor that contributes to stability in other proteins is macromolecular crowding. The cell cytoplasm is comprised of up to 400 g/L protein, lipids, nucleic acids, and other compounds. …”
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“…And if one machine in the family minimizes the probability of misclassification, in the limit of large data, then Optimal Crowd does also. That is, the Optimal Crowd is asymptotically Bayes optimal if any machine in the crowd is such. …”
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“…In this paper, we address both issues via a so-called ‘Turing test’ for crowds, using movies generated from both accurate simulations and observations of real crowds. …”
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