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  1. 2101
    “…These morphological changes, as well as accompanying global changes in gene expression and cellular physiology, depend on the induction of the stationary-phase sigma subunit of RNA polymerase, σ(S) (RpoS), the nucleotide second messengers cyclic AMP (cAMP), ppGpp, and cyclic-di-GMP, and a biofilm-controlling transcription factor, CsgD. …”
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    Microanatomy at Cellular Resolution and Spatial Order of Physiological Differentiation in a Bacterial Biofilm
  2. 2102
    por Li, J., Shuai, H. Y., Gylfe, E., Tengholm, A.
    Publicado 2013
    “…The bidirectional interplay between these messengers in the sub-membrane space generates the metabolic and ionic oscillations that underlie pulsatile insulin secretion. …”
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    Oscillations of sub-membrane ATP in glucose-stimulated beta cells depend on negative feedback from Ca(2+)
  3. 2103
    “…Circulating miRNAs might be active messengers eliciting a systemic response as well as non-specific “by-products” of cell activity and even of cell death; in either case they have the potential to be clinically relevant biomarkers for a number of physiopathological processes, including inflammatory responses and inflammation-related conditions. …”
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    Circulating inflamma-miRs in aging and age-related diseases
  4. 2104
    “…The diversity of neural phospholipids, coupled with their chameleon-like capacity to transmute into bioactive molecules, provides a vast repertoire of immediate response second messengers. The effects of compositional changes on synaptic function have only begun to be appreciated. …”
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    Using neurolipidomics to identify phospholipid mediators of synaptic (dys)function in Alzheimer's Disease
  5. 2105
    “…Microorganisms use a variety of metabolites to respond to external stimuli, including second messengers that amplify primary signals and elicit biochemical changes in a cell. …”
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    Occurrence of Cyclic di-GMP-Modulating Output Domains in Cyanobacteria: an Illuminating Perspective
  6. 2106
    “…High concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce cellular damage, however at lower concentrations ROS act as intracellular second messengers. In this study, we demonstrate that serotonin (5-HT) transactivates the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) type β receptor as well as the TrkB receptor in neuronal cultures and SH-SY5Y cells, and that the transactivation of both receptors is ROS-dependent. …”
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    Reactive Oxygen Species Are Required for 5-HT-Induced Transactivation of Neuronal Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and TrkB Receptors, but Not for ERK1/2 Activation
  7. 2107
    “…While the precise domains and functions of these first messengers are still under investigation, agonists of β(2)-adrenoceptors clearly exhibit anabolic activity under normal conditions and reduce protein degradation during atrophic periods. …”
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    Alterations of cAMP-dependent signaling in dystrophic skeletal muscle
  8. 2108
    “…Our data reveal that neurons have the capability to fight insults by elevating biological antioxidants, regulating secondary messengers, suppressing apoptotic genes, controlling ion-associated processes and by expressing cell cycle proteins that, in the context of neuronal injury, could potentially have functions outside their normal role in cell division. …”
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    Transcriptional insights on the regenerative mechanics of axotomized neurons in vitro
  9. 2109
    “…Upon starvation, they synthesize cAMP as both first and second messengers in signalling pathways and form aggregates, migrating slugs, and fruiting bodies, consisting of spores and stalk cells, within 24 h. …”
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    A RabGAP Regulates Life-Cycle Duration via Trimeric G-protein Cascades in Dictyostelium discoideum
  10. 2110
    “…BACKGROUND: The PPAR α and PPAR γ are the key messengers responsible for the translation of nutritional stimuli into changes for the expression of genes, particularly genes involved in lipid metabolism. …”
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    PPAR α and PPAR γ Polymorphisms as risk factors for Dyslipidemia in a Chinese han population
  11. 2111
    “…Lipid droplet (LD) utilization is an important cellular activity that regulates energy balance and release of lipid second messengers. Because fatty acids exhibit both beneficial and toxic properties, their release from LDs must be controlled. …”
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    A phosphatidylinositol transfer protein integrates phosphoinositide signaling with lipid droplet metabolism to regulate a developmental program of nutrient stress–induced membrane biogenesis
  12. 2112
    “…Instead, a role for mitochondrial ROS as intracellular messengers involved in the regulation of some basic cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and death, has emerged. …”
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    A midlife crisis for the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging
  13. 2113
    “…Activation of the phosphoinositide (PI) cycle generates the second messengers that control various aspects of cellular signaling. …”
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    Phosphoinositides: Minor Lipids Make a Major Impact on Photoreceptor Cell Functions
  14. 2114
    “…Chloroplast thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutathione function as redox messengers in the regulation of photosynthesis. In this work, the roles of chloroplast TRXs in brassinosteroids (BRs)-induced changes in cellular redox homeostasis and CO(2) assimilation were studied in the leaves of tomato plants. …”
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    Chloroplastic thioredoxin-f and thioredoxin-m1/4 play important roles in brassinosteroids-induced changes in CO(2) assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis in tomato
  15. 2115
    “…Conclusion: Maturation and activation of oocytes may be triggered by changes in intracellular ion concentrations as second messengers in signal transduction pathways. Here, we received the highest percentage of in vitro maturation and fertilization among three combinations of selenium, calcium and calcium ionophore treatments. …”
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    Effects of selenium, calcium and calcium ionophore on human oocytes in vitro maturation in a chemically defined medium
  16. 2116
    “…In micromass constructs, HT pre-treatment inhibited the increases in caspase activity and the level of the messengers for iNOS, COX-2, MMP-13, RUNX-2 and VEGF elicited by GROα. …”
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    Hydroxytyrosol Prevents Increase of Osteoarthritis Markers in Human Chondrocytes Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide or Growth-Related Oncogene α
  17. 2117
    “…As a result of decades of experimental investigation, there is an abundance of information on the involvement of specific proteins and secondary messengers in the regulation of stomatal movements and on the pairwise relationships between guard cell components. …”
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    Multi-level Modeling of Light-Induced Stomatal Opening Offers New Insights into Its Regulation by Drought
  18. 2118
    por Li, Yue, Zhang, Zhaolei
    Publicado 2014
    “…The results suggest an intriguing cancer mechanism involving miRNA-mediated cell-to-cell communication, which possibly involves delivery of tumorigenic miRNA messengers to adjacent cells via exosomes. Finally, survival analysis revealed 414 recurrent-prognostic associations, where both gene and miRNA involved in each interaction conferred significant prognostic power in one or more cancer types. …”
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    Potential microRNA-mediated oncogenic intercellular communication revealed by pan-cancer analysis
  19. 2119
    “…Cytokines are inflammatory messengers that orchestrate the brain’s response to immunological challenges, as well as possibly even toxic and psychological insults. …”
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    IFN-γ differentially modulates memory-related processes under basal and chronic stressor conditions
  20. 2120
    “…Cyclic nucleotide-sensitive ion channels are molecular pores that open in response to cAMP or cGMP, which are universal second messengers. Binding of a cyclic nucleotide to the carboxyterminal cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD) of these channels is thought to cause a conformational change that promotes channel opening. …”
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    Structure of the SthK Carboxy-Terminal Region Reveals a Gating Mechanism for Cyclic Nucleotide-Modulated Ion Channels
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