“…In particular, the importance of altered fatty acid metabolism in cancer has received renewed interest as, aside their principal role as structural components of the membrane matrix, they are important secondary messengers, and can also serve as fuel sources for energy production. …”
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“…Platelet aggregation and intracellular messengers were analyzed, along with phosphoproteins, by immunoblotting using phosphosite-specific antibodies or phos-tags. …”
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“…Therefore, we set out to establish a protocol to analyze second messenger activation in mouse pancreatic islets. RESULTS: Activation of Gq/11-coupled receptor expressed in primary β cells increased the second messenger IP1 in an accumulation assay. …”
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“…The textbook notion of signal amplification—few enzyme molecules process many messenger molecules—does not hold for sperm flagella. …”
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“…Phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) function as important second messengers in many cellular events. In the human intestinal protist Entamoeba histolytica, where phagocytosis/trogocytosis plays an indispensable role in proliferation and pathophysiology during infection, various PIPs are involved in multiple steps of phago/trogocytosis. …”
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“…They act as secondary messengers and drive redox-signalling pathways that are involved in the homeostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases of wound healing. …”
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“…They are emerging as a new category of messengers that facilitate cross-talk between cells, tissues, and organs. …”
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“…Developmental cues are transduced into cellular processes through the action of multiple intracellular second messengers including calcium. Calcium signals in cells are shaped by large number of proteins and mutations in several of these have been reported in human patients with brain disorders.  …”
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“…Here, we show that the alarmones (p)ppGpp, well known second messengers of nutrient starvation, are also involved in the heat stress response as well as the development of thermo-resistance. …”
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“…Upon target RNA recognition, type III CRISPR-Cas systems produce cyclic-oligoadenylate second messengers that activate downstream effectors, including Csm6 ribonucleases, via their CARF domains. …”
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“…Recently, it was revealed that gut microbiome exerts a significant impact on the circadian physiology and behavior of its host; however, the mechanism through which it regulates the molecular clock has remained elusive. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (4-OH-PPA) and 3-phenylpropionic acid (PPA) are major metabolites exclusively produced by Clostridium sporogenes and may function as unique chemical messengers communicating with its host. In the present study, we examined if two C. sporogenes-derived metabolites can modulate the oscillation of mammalian molecular clock. …”
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“…They act as second messengers, and as transient inhibitors of phosphatases and others. …”
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“…They serve as energy cofactors (ATP, GTP), as part of coenzymes (NAD/FAD) in oxidation-reduction reactions, as important second messengers in many intracellular signal transduction processes (cAMP/cGMP), or as direct neurotransmitters by binding to purinergic receptors (adenosine receptors). …”
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“…Here, we found that GHB (4–10 μm) lacked effects on the cytoplasmic concentrations of the secretion-regulating messengers Ca(2+) and cAMP in mouse α-cells. Glucagon secretion from perifused mouse islets was also unaffected by GHB at both 1 and 7 mm glucose. …”
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“…Microbiota derived metabolites act as chemical messengers that elicit a profound impact on host physiology. …”
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“…YAP and TAZ are intracellular messengers communicating multiple interacting extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues to the transcription apparatus in the nucleus and back to the cell/tissue microenvironment interface through the regulation of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components. …”
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“…Small RNA molecules are known to bind RNA messengers affecting their fate in the cytoplasm (a process generically termed ‘RNA interference’). …”
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“…Type III CRISPR systems synthesise cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers in response to viral infection of bacteria and archaea, potentiating an immune response by binding and activating ancillary effector nucleases such as Csx1. …”
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“…Critical Issues: Oxidative stress induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has a causal role in the development of insulin resistance, whereas ROS themselves function as intracellular second messengers that promote insulin signal transduction. …”
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“…Phospholipase Cε (PLCε) generates lipid-derived second messengers at the plasma and perinuclear membranes in the cardiovascular system. …”
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