“…BACKGROUND: Exosomes as extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale intercellular messengers secreted from cells to deliver biological signals. …”
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“…In those conditions, ROS can act as second messengers, favouring proliferation and survival. Herein, we highlight the different responses that tumor cells adopt when lipid catabolism is augmented, taking into account the different ROS fates. …”
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“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the byproducts generated during metabolic processes, are known to regulate every step of tumorigenesis by acting as second messengers in cancer cells. The disturbance in ROS homeostasis leads to a specific pathological state termed “oxidative stress”, which plays essential roles in regulation of cancer progression. …”
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“…Periprosthetic osteolysis is often treated with revision surgery because of the lack of effective therapeutic agents. As key messengers of intercellular interactions, exosomes can be independently used as therapeutic agents to promote tissue repair and regeneration. …”
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“…This metabolite also promotes cell survival, which has been associated with the feedback regulation of other antitumoral sphingolipids or second messengers. C1P also regulates cancer cell invasion and migration of different types of cancer, including lung, breast, pancreas, prostate, or leukemia cells. …”
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“…Plants produce several secondary messengers to trigger cell signaling, activating the numerous transcriptional responses correlated with plant defense. …”
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“…Using data from the California CEAL Communication Working Group, we demonstrate the wide range of strategies, communication methods, languages, and trusted messengers that have been effective in reaching diverse communities across the state. …”
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“…Exosomes belong to a class of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with diameters ranging from 40 to 150 nm that can be discharged by all living cells. As communication messengers of the intercellular network, exosomes carry a diverse range of cargoes such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolic substances, which are capable of conveying biological information across different cell types to mediate various physiological activities or pathological changes. …”
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“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles as second messengers in a wide array of cellular processes including differentiation of stem cells. …”
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“…They are negatively regulated by stand-alone SPX proteins, cellular receptors for inositol pyrophosphate (PP-InsP) nutrient messengers. How PP-InsP-bound SPX interacts with PHRs is poorly understood. …”
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“…It has been proposed that “parakines” secreted by Trichinella larvae serve as messengers to implement communication between the parasite and the muscle cells through a molecular cross-talk to ensure permanent coexistence within the host. …”
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“…Recent literature shows that exercise is not simply a way to generate a calorie deficit as an add-on to restrictive diets but exerts powerful additional biological effects via its impact on mitochondrial function, the release of chemical messengers induced by muscular activity, and its ability to reverse epigenetic alterations. …”
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“…These symptoms (commonly called “sickness behavior”) are mediated by the central nervous effects of immune messengers such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. While adaptive during acute inflammation, sickness symptoms can have detrimental effects on quality of life during chronic inflammation and may contribute to comorbidity in chronic pain conditions. …”
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“…For the screening of D(2)R ligands, methods quantifying distinct second messengers such as cAMP or the interaction of the receptor with β-arrestin, are commonly employed. …”
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“…Multi-omics integration highlighted intracellular signaling by second messengers as the top enriched Reactome pathway. CONCLUSION: The deficiency in cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of IHD. …”
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“…Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes transduce myriad signals within the cell in response to the generation of second messengers from membrane phospholipids. The conventional isozyme PKCγ reversibly binds Ca(2+) and diacylglycerol, which leads to an open, active conformation. …”
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“…They sequester molecular substances from the cytoplasm and transport them as messengers to target cells. Thanks to these properties, extracellular vesicles provide a molecular fingerprint of the cell of origin and can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or prognosis. …”
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“…Moreover, we observed a profound downregulation of GRK-2 shortly after induction of arthritis and an increase in β-Arrestin 2 only at late stage of arthritis. The second messengers studied (p38, ERK1/2 and CREB) followed a biphasic course, characterized by a reduction at onset and an increase in established arthritis. …”
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“…cAMP and cGMP are important secondary messengers involved in cell regulation and metabolism driven by the G protein-coupled receptor. cAMP is converted via adenylyl cyclase (AC) and activates protein kinase A to phosphorylate intracellular proteins that mediate specific responses. cAMP signaling serves a role at multiple steps in tumorigenesis. …”
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“…As part of the campaign, we conducted two randomized, online experiments to assess the impact of the advertisement (1) language and (2) depicted messenger (government authority, religious leader, doctor or family). …”
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