“…Copper, the highly toxic micronutrient, plays two essential roles: it is a catalytic and structural cofactor for Cu-dependent enzymes, and it acts as a secondary messenger. In the cells, copper is imported by CTR1 (high-affinity copper transporter 1), a transmembrane high-affinity copper importer, and DMT1 (divalent metal transporter). …”
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“…Further, miR-30a-5p overexpression significantly increased the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer by directly targeting CD73 messenger RNA (mRNA), suggesting that regulation of the miR-30a-5p/CD73 axis may play an important role in the development of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. …”
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“…Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that AM-Ex suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, and adipocyte protein 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. These results suggest that AM-Ex is potentially beneficial for the suppression of HFD-induced obesity by modulating multiple pathways associated with adipogenesis and food intake.…”
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“…INTRODUCTION: Nitric oxide (NO) is an intracellular and intercellular messenger that plays an important role in cellular events in physiological and pathophysiological processes. …”
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“…RESULTS: The white adipose tissue expression of Kbtbd11 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was significantly higher in the re‐fed state than in the fasted state. …”
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“…The interaction of 1,25(OH)(2)D with its intracellular receptors modulates vitamin D–dependent gene transcription and activation of vitamin D-responsive elements, which triggers multiple second messenger systems. Thus, it is not surprising that hypovitaminosis D increases the incidence and severity of several age-related common diseases, such as metabolic disorders that are linked to oxidative stress. …”
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“…The current study aimed to investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) expression in the prognostic evaluation of non-muscle- invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. …”
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“…Amitriptyline had no significant effect on GLAST messenger RNA expression, and bone cancer pain-invoked protein kinase A/protein kinase C upregulation was prevented. …”
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“…Efforts to develop treatments for diseases caused by nonsense mutations have focused on identification of small molecules that promote translational read-through of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) harboring nonsense stop codons to produce full-length proteins. …”
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“…Whole transcriptome analysis of primary T2D islets and matched controls demonstrated dysregulated splicing for ~25% of splicing events, of which genes themselves involved in messenger ribonucleic acid processing and regulation of gene expression comprised the largest group. …”
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“…In addition, the expression levels of and T-bet/GATA3 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in peria of mice in the P group were significantly higher than those in the N group (P<0.01), whereas the expression level of Foxp3 mRNA was notably decreased (P<0.01). …”
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“…The ∆amrZ mutant exhibits increased levels of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) compared to the wild-type strain, under swarming conditions. …”
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“…In addition to its role as an endocrine messenger, growth hormone (GH) also acts as a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system (CNS), whose effects are involved in neuroprotection, axonal growth, and synaptogenic modulation. …”
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“…However, different SEs had diverse effects on the messenger RNA signature of monocytes and rapidly induced monocyte adhesion and spreading. …”
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“…Immune recognition of such DNA generates the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) and induces type-2 immune responses; however, its role in allergic diseases, such as asthma, has not been fully elucidated. …”
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“…The binding of DNA to the cytosolic enzyme cGAMP synthase (cGAS), activates its enzymatic activity, leading to the synthesis of a second messenger, cyclic[G(2’,5’)pA(3’,5’)] (2’3’-cGAMP)(4-7). 2’3’-cGAMP, a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN), activates the protein ‘stimulator of interferon genes’ (STING)(8), which in turn activates the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB promoting the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons and other cytokines and mediators that stimulate a broader immune response. …”
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“…Besides ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), H/ACA snoRNPs are thought to also modify messenger RNA (mRNA) with potential impacts on gene expression. …”
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“…OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression pattern of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) and messenger RNAs (mRNA) from two different intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rat models, and performed gene ontology and gene/protein interaction analyses. …”
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