“…We, therefore, explored the pattern of ion transporter functions and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of α1-subunit isoforms of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) in the brain segments, namely, prosencephalon (PC), mesencephalon (MC), and metencephalon (MeC) in an obligate air-breathing fish exposed either to hypoxia stress (30 minutes forced immersion in water) or challenged with zymosan treatment (25-200 ng g(−1) for 24 hours) or both. …”
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“…Liver and serum samples were collected 24 h later to evaluate the macro- and microscopic images, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels. Phenotypical change of non-parenchymal liver cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules that inhibit protein expression through either degradation of messenger RNA or interference with protein translation. …”
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“…The following contents were performed: Morphologic observation for 90 days in brain tissues and for 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours in embryonic neurocytes; and antioxidant indexes, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of twenty-five selenoproteins, and mRNA and protein expression of five apoptosis-related genes for 30, 60, and 90 days in brain tissues and for 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours in embryonic neurocytes. …”
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“…Consistently, exenatide induced Ceacam1 messenger RNA expression within 12 hours in the absence but not in the presence of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor antagonist exendin 9‐39. …”
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“…Previous reports have indicated that miR-182 down regulates expression of BCL2L12, c-MET, and HIF2A. However, other messenger RNA (mRNA) targets of miR-182 have not been validated which would explain its association with a favorable disease prognosis. …”
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“…The expression levels of KiSS-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in tumor tissues and cancer-adjacent normal tissues were detected by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). …”
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“…To test for a potential mechanism, we also analyzed if the known coupling of 5-ht(5b) receptors to G(i) proteins is altering second messenger signaling. Tissue cAMP levels in the medulla of Mecp2(−/y) mice were decreased as compared to WT mice. …”
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“…Calcium is a known second messenger regulating cellulase gene expression in T. reesei. …”
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“…We then determined miRNAs associated with dysregulated genes and through miRNA:mRNA (messenger RNA) seed region matches discerned genes with a greater likelihood of having a direct biological association. …”
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“…Re-addition of the lacking nutrient triggers rapid activation of the PKA pathway, without involvement of cAMP as second messenger. Investigation of the sensing mechanism has revealed that the specific high-affinity nutrient transporter(s) induced during starvation function as transporter-receptors or transceptors for rapid activation of PKA upon re-addition of the missing substrate. …”
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“…METHODS: Huh7.5-CYP (RLW) cells and hepatocytes were exposed to acetaldehyde-generating system (AGS) and 50 mmol/L ethanol, respectively. JMJD6 messenger RNA and protein expression were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. …”
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“…Aim: Confining cAMP production to discrete subcellular locations makes it possible for this ubiquitous second messenger to elicit unique functional responses. Yet, factors that determine how and where the production of this diffusible signaling molecule occurs are incompletely understood. …”
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“…In that S1P acts as a second messenger intra- and extracellularly, it might promote cancer progression. …”
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“…Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a special secondary messenger in bacteria, which can respond to the environment and regulate diverse bacterial behaviors. …”
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“…MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured DNA damage, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) expression, and genome-wide chromatin accessibility in lung tissue from two genetically divergent inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ, both in unexposed mice and in mice exposed to a model DNA-damaging chemical, 1,3-butadiene. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The study and identification of new biomarkers for periodontal disease, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may give us more information about the location and severity of the disease and will serve as a basis for treatment planning and disease-monitoring. miRNAs are a group of small RNAs which are involved in gene regulation by binding to their messenger RNA target (mRNA). In this pilot study, the procedure for purifying miRNAs from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was, for the first time, described. …”
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“…Scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) was injected i. p. into rats after 45 min of drug administration on the 14(th) day. The messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein profile of few markers (acetylcholinesterase [AChE], heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1], nuclear factor-kappa B [NFκB], nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 [Nrf2], protein phosphatase 2A[PP2A], Tau, brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], tropomyosin-related kinase B [TrkB], Bcl-2-associated X protein [Bax], and Caspase-3) were also measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblotting assay. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNA molecules, influencing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and translation, and are readily detectable in blood. …”
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“…Dgka encodes diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) alpha, one of a family of DGKs which convert diacylglycerides to phosphatidic acid for second messenger signaling. Dgka knockdown mice would be expected to accumulate diacylglyceride, contributing to the observed hepatic steatosis. …”
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