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1381“…Normally, homeostatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PVAT act as secondary messengers in various signalling pathways and contribute to vascular tone regulation. …”
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1382“…The crosstalk between second messengers, ROS, thiol redox signalling, and redox homeostasis-related genes controls almost every aspect of plant development and stress response. …”
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1383“…Reactive oxygen species, generated as byproducts of cellular metabolism, were identified as essential second messengers for T cell signaling, activation, and effector responses. …”
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1384“…Sphingolipids have important roles in membrane and lipoprotein structure and in cell regulation as second messengers for growth factors, differentiation factors, cytokines, and a growing list of agonists. …”
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1385por Cardé, R T“…Since 1966 the identification of the pheromone blends of many moth pests has allowed investigations into the use of these messengers for population manipulation. Pheromone-baited traps may be used both to detect pest presence and to estimate population density, so that conventional control tactics can be employed only as required and timed precisely for maximum effectiveness. …”
Publicado 1976
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1386por Gong, Qian, Jin, Xiaohua, Akk, Antonina M., Foger, Niko, White, Mike, Gong, Guoqing, Wardenburg, Julie Bubeck, Chan, Andrew C.“…Phosphorylation of Tyr residues (Tyrs 315 and 319) within the Interdomain B region of the ZAP-70 PTK plays important roles in the generation of second messengers after TCR engagement. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of these two Tyr residues also play important roles in mediating the positive and negative selection of T cells in the thymus.…”
Publicado 2001
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1387por Shashkin, Pavel N., Huang, Laura C., Larner, Joseph, Vandenhoff, George E., Katz, Abram“…Two classes of inositol phosphoglycans have been implicated as second messengers of insulin, one that activates pyruvate dehydrogenase and contains D-chiroinositol, and one that inhibits cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase and contains myoinositol. …”
Publicado 2002
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1388“…These data suggest that activation of the immune system may provide signals, in the form of chemical messengers, which are able to alter neural activity in some regions of the brain that are important in neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms. …”
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1389“…Thus, cyclic nucleotides also did not play a detectable role as intracellular messengers in this system. Future work is required to define more clearly the mechanism for the production of endogenous pyrogen, given its marked effects on the immune system through lymphocyte activation and temperature regulation.…”
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1390“…Phosphoinositides (PIs) are lipid second messengers implicated in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. …”
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1391“…In vertebrates, odorant receptors are classical G-protein coupled, seven transmembrane receptors that activate downstream effector enzymes that, in turn, produce second messengers that open ion channels. However, recent work reveals that insects have adopted different strategies to detect volatile chemicals. …”
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1392por Tobin, Vicky A., Hashimoto, Hirofumi, Wacker, Douglas W., Takayanagi, Yuki, Langnaese, Kristina, Caquineau, Celine, Noack, Julia, Landgraf, Rainer, Onaka, Tatsushi, Leng, Gareth, Meddle, Simone L., Engelmann, Mario, Ludwig, Mike“…Many peptides, when released as chemical messengers within the brain, have powerful influences on complex behaviours. …”
Publicado 2010
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1393por Gehring, Chris“…In lower eukaryotes and animals 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and adenyl cyclases (ACs), enzymes that catalyse the formation of cAMP from ATP, have long been established as key components and second messengers in many signaling pathways. In contrast, in plants, both the presence and biological role of cAMP have been a matter of ongoing debate and some controversy. …”
Publicado 2010
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1394“…We report here that multiple stimuli causing release of Ca(2+) from intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stores rapidly and transiently activate AurA, without requirement for second messengers. This activation is mediated by direct Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin (CaM) binding to multiple motifs on AurA. …”
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1395“…This paper explores the way ceramide, sphingosine, ceramide 1-phosphate, and sphingosine 1-phosphate modulate the generation of second lipid messengers from phosphatidic acid in two experimental models of the central nervous system: in vertebrate rod outer segments prepared from dark-adapted retinas as well as in rod outer segments prepared from light-adapted retinas and in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes under physiological aging conditions. …”
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1396por Hayley, Shawn“…In particular, studies on human patients have found depression to be associated with disturbances in the trafficking of cells of the adaptive immune system, coupled with elevations of innate immune messengers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Paralleling these findings, stressor-based animal models of depression have implicated several cytokines, most notably interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. …”
Publicado 2011
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1397“…ROS is involved as key secondary messengers in numerous signaling pathways, and NADPH oxidases complex has been increasingly recognized as key elements of intracellular signaling of hepatic fibrogenesis. …”
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1398por Albert, Benjamin, Perez-Fernandez, Jorge, Léger-Silvestre, Isabelle, Gadal, Olivier“…Finally, elongation factors known to regulate messengers RNA production by RNA polymerase II are also involved in rRNA production and work cooperatively with Rpa49 in vivo.…”
Publicado 2012
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1399“…For example, peri- and extra-synaptic signaling through the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can be involved in the highly compartmentalized regulation of dendritic ion conductances, the induction of input-specific synaptic plasticity, and the local release of retrograde messengers. Therefore, extrasynaptic mechanisms appear to play a key role in the local tuning of dendritic computations. …”
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1400“…Other mechanisms for apoptosis induction are the modulation of glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels, which may function as intracellular messengers to regulate signaling pathways, or the regulation of kinase, among others. …”
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