“…Their role as inter-cellular messengers involved in both physiological and pathological processes has overwhelmingly come to light in the last decade, and their contribution to cancerogenesis and tumor metastasis is under intensive investigation. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) secondary messengers are generated by type III CRISPR systems in response to viral infection. cOA allosterically activates the CRISPR ancillary ribonucleases Csx1/Csm6, which degrade RNA non-specifically using a HEPN (Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, Nucleotide binding) active site. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Bioactive peptides and proteins, such as hormones and cytokines, produced by both peripheral organs and the central nervous system, are key messengers in this inter‐organ communication. Despite the early discovery of the first hormones more than 100 years ago, recent studies taking advantage of novel technologies have shed light on the multiple ways used by cells in the body to communicate and maintain energy balance. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Gap junctions (GJs), which consist of proteins called connexins, are intercellular channels that allow the passage of ions, second messengers, and small molecules. GJs and connexins are considered as emerging therapeutic targets for various diseases. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…The mammalian brain is enriched with lipids that serve as energy catalyzers or secondary messengers of essential signaling pathways. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized de novo at low levels in humans, an endogenous supply from its precursors, and is mainly incorporated from nutrition, an exogeneous supply. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Lipids, in particular phospholipids, are a major component of the cell membrane and play important roles in cellular functions, such as extracellular receptor signaling, intracellular second messengers and cellular pressure regulation. An excessive storage of fats, as seen in NPC1, can cause permanent damage to cells and tissues in the brain and peripheral nervous system, but also in other parts of the body. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Metabolites act as messengers of information between the intestinal microbiota and host cells. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…This review focuses on recent knowledge about exosomes as messengers of neuron-glia communication and their participation in the physiological and pathological functions in the central nervous system. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) are energy-rich small molecules that are omnipresent in eukaryotic cells, from yeast to mammals, playing central roles in overall cellular homeostasis as a diverse and multifaceted class of intracellular messengers. Recent studies of the metabolic pathways and physiological roles of PP-IPs in the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans have revealed that the PP-IP(5) (IP(7)) is a key metabolite essential for fungal metabolic adaptation to the host environment, immune recognition, and pathogenicity. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Several signalling pathways are affected by ROS, which act as second messengers controlling cell proliferation and survival. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) play an important role as second messengers in regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes, including the progression of cancer. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…They constitute the major site of energy production for the cell, they are key players in signalling pathways using secondary messengers such as calcium, and they are involved in cell death and redox balance paradigms. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have physiological roles as second messengers, but can also exert detrimental modifications on DNA, proteins and lipids if resulting from enhanced generation or reduced antioxidant defense (oxidative stress). …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Since EVs are naturally adapted molecular messengers, they have emerged as an innovative, inexpensive, and robust method to deliver therapeutic cargo in vitro and in vivo. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…These findings demonstrate that microbial-associated molecules can cross the BBB either in their detected form or as precursor molecules that undergo further processing in the brain. These chemical messengers are able to bind receptors known to be expressed in the brain. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…They are a family of ten members that convert diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA), two-second messengers with versatile cellular functions. Notably, some DGK isoforms, such as DGKα, have been reported to possess promising therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Polysaccharides are a class of carbohydrates that play pivotal roles in living systems such as being chemical messengers in many vital biological pathways. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of these natural structures have posed daunting challenges on their production, characterization, evaluation, and applications. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…In this nursing tissue “niche”, cancer-associated fibroblasts are known to play crucial roles in developing therapy resistance and survival of residual stem-like cells. As paracrine messengers, extracellular vesicles carrying a wide range of signaling molecules with oncogenic potential, can support the escape of some tumor cells from their deadly fate. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are subcellular messengers in signal transductions pathways with both beneficial and deleterious roles. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso

“…Recent work has revealed new mechanisms of a cluster of bacterial signal transduction systems that mainly include two-component systems (such as RhpRS, GacAS, CvsRS and AauRS), extracytoplasmic function sigma factors (such as HrpL and AlgU), nucleotide-based secondary messengers, methyl-accepting chemotaxis sensor proteins and several other intracellular surveillance systems. …”
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso
Enlace del recurso