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  1. 1641
    Publicado 1994
    “…These shape changes appear to be driven by receptor-mediated contraction of the cortical actomyosin system independent of classic second messengers. Treatment of the cells with Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, which ADP-ribosylates and thereby inactivates the Rho small GTP-binding protein, inhibits LPA- and TRP-induced force generation and subsequent shape changes. …”
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    Inhibition of lysophosphatidate- and thrombin-induced neurite retraction and neuronal cell rounding by ADP ribosylation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho
  2. 1642
    “…One of such cell-signaling messengers is the enzyme Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC), which has never been investigated in keloid scars. …”
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    RAC Activity in Keloid Disease: Comparative Analysis of Fibroblasts from Margin of Keloid to its Surrounding Normal Skin
  3. 1643
    “…However cancerous cells do have abnormal cellular communications and use chemical messengers to signal both surrounding normal and cancerous cells to develop new blood vessels and to invade, to metastasis and to overcome intercellular spatial confinements in general. …”
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    Analyzing adjuvant radiotherapy suggests a non monotonic radio-sensitivity over tumor volumes
  4. 1644
    “…Ceramides are the main lipid component maintaining the lamellae structure of stratum corneum, as well as lipid second messengers for the regulation of cellular proliferation and/or apoptosis. …”
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    A Study on Altered Expression of Serine Palmitoyltransferase and Ceramidase in Psoriatic Skin Lesion
  5. 1645
    “…In addition, they are lipid second messengers produced by sphingolipid metabolism and trigger important cell responses, including protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) activation and the stimulation of signal transduction pathways with apoptosis and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK), such as c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). …”
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    Ceramides and Cell Signaling Molecules in Psoriatic Epidermis: Reduced Levels of Ceramides, PKC-α, and JNK
  6. 1646
    “…A transcriptional analysis at different developmental anther/pollen stages was performed using semi-quantitative and real-time PCR. The messengers were localized using in situ RNA hybridization, and protein accumulation was monitored using immunoblot analysis. …”
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    Developmental and heat stress-regulated expression of HsfA2 and small heat shock proteins in tomato anthers
  7. 1647
    por Niino, Yusuke, Hotta, Kohji, Oka, Kotaro
    Publicado 2010
    “…However, to analyze the dynamic relationship among these second messengers, combined use of existing sensors in a single cell is inadequate because of the significant spectral overlaps. …”
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    Blue Fluorescent cGMP Sensor for Multiparameter Fluorescence Imaging
  8. 1648
    “…Bioactive lipids usually act via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), but can also function as direct intracellular messengers. Recently, it became evident that bioactive lipids play a role during cellular differentiation development. …”
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    The Impact of Bioactive Lipids on Cardiovascular Development
  9. 1649
    por Yamashita, Tadashi
    Publicado 2011
    “…Other GSLs may serve as second messengers in several signaling pathways that are important to cell survival or programmed cell death. …”
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    Glycosphingolipid Modification: Structural Diversity, Functional and Mechanistic Integration of Diabetes
  10. 1650
    “…Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism in a specific pathway, resulting in a series of extracellular messengers collectively known as kynurenines. IDO has been recognized as an authentic regulator of immunity not only in mammalian pregnancy, but also in infection, autoimmunity, inflammation, allergy, transplantation, and neoplasia. …”
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    Proteasomal Degradation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in CD8(+) Dendritic Cells is Mediated by Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3)
  11. 1651
    “…Similar to the miRNA-mediated repression of cellular translation, this recognition is thought to tether the RNAi machinery, in particular Argonaute 2 (AGO2) on viral messengers and eventually to modulate virus replication. …”
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    Retroviral GAG proteins recruit AGO2 on viral RNAs without affecting RNA accumulation and translation
  12. 1652
    “…It utilizes ceramide and phosphatidylcholine as substrates to produce SM and DAG, thereby regulating lipid messengers which play a role in cell survival and apoptosis. …”
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    Subcellular Targeting Domains of Sphingomyelin Synthase 1 and 2
  13. 1653
    “…These pathways often interact with ubiquitous 2(nd)-messengers such as calcium. Understanding mechanically-induced calcium signaling is especially important in fibroblasts, cells that exist in three-dimensional fibrous matrices, sense their mechanical environment, and remodel tissue morphology. …”
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    Calcium signaling is gated by a mechanical threshold in three-dimensional environments
  14. 1654
    “…The model demonstrates that astrocytes are capable of bidirectional communication with neurons which leads to modulation of synaptic activity, and that indirect signaling through retrograde messengers such as endocannabinoids leads to modulation of synaptic transmission PR. …”
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    Self-repair in a bidirectionally coupled astrocyte-neuron (AN) system based on retrograde signaling
  15. 1655
    por Kleene, Nancy K, Kleene, Steven J
    Publicado 2012
    “…CONCLUSIONS: Ciliary recording is a direct way to learn the effects of second messengers and voltage changes on ciliary transduction channels.…”
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    A method for measuring electrical signals in a primary cilium
  16. 1656
    por Andreev, Victor P.
    Publicado 2013
    “…The first model demonstrated that the presence of electroosmosis might intensify the flux of messenger proteins to the nucleus and allow the efficient transport of the negatively charged phosphorylated messenger proteins against the electrostatic repulsion of the negatively charged nucleus. …”
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    Cytoplasmic Electric Fields and Electroosmosis: Possible Solution for the Paradoxes of the Intracellular Transport of Biomolecules
  17. 1657
    “…In addition, the preparation has lent itself to other uses including the study of neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis(9-12), molecular mechanisms of neurotransmitter release(13-15), the role of diffusible messengers in neuromodulation(16,17), and in vitro synaptic plasticity(18-19).…”
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    Simultaneous Pre- and Post-synaptic Electrophysiological Recording from Xenopus Nerve-muscle Co-cultures
  18. 1658
    “…The TRPC proteins are calcium-permeable nonselective cation channels activated after the emptying of intracellular calcium stores and appear to be gated by various types of messengers. The TRPC6 channel has been shown to be expressed in various tissues and cells, where it modulates the calcium level in response to external signals. …”
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    Characterization of the S100A1 Protein Binding Site on TRPC6 C-Terminus
  19. 1659
    “…In the brain, astrocytes signal to the neighboring cells by the release of chemical messengers (gliotransmitters) via regulated exocytosis. …”
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    Fingolimod—A Sphingosine-Like Molecule Inhibits Vesicle Mobility and Secretion in Astrocytes
  20. 1660
    “…Diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ) belongs to a family of enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation and conversion of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid, two important second messengers involved in signaling from numerous receptors. …”
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    Diacylglycerol Kinase Zeta Positively Controls the Development of iNKT-17 Cells
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