“…INTRODUCTION: Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is caused by compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) where it passes in the fork formed at the bifurcation of these arteries. …”
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“…Nutcracker syndrome is a rare entity that corresponds to an abdominal pain following compression of the left renal vein during its passage between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, with a peak prevalence in adults between 20 and 30 years old, The typical clinical presentation includes hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria with or without flank pain. doppler ultrasound has a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 100%, Both CT and MRI can show the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. …”
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“…The Nutcracker Syndrome is a rare and often unrecognized cause of chronic pelvic pain and left back pain. …”
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“…Anterior Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS) can occur when the aorta and superior mesenteric artery compress the left renal vein. …”
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“…RLRV symptoms occur secondary to compression of the LRV between the abdominal aorta and vertebrae, otherwise known as posterior nutcracker syndrome (PNCS). The most common symptoms of PNCS are hematuria and flank pain. …”
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“…The left renal vein (LRV) when it has a retro-aortic course can be compressed in aorto-vertebral space (AVS); if the stenosis is severe it can cause venous congestion symptoms with left flank pain, microhematuria, and thrombosis, this vascular alteration is known as a pseudo-nutcracker syndrome. The combination of Wilkie's and pseudo-nutcracker's syndrome (PNCS) is very rare and has not yet been described in the literature. …”
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“…Background: Anterior nutcracker syndrome is defined as the compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta, whereas posterior nutcracker syndrome refers to the compression of the retroaortic LRV between the aorta and the vertebral column—the presence of the circumaortic left renal vein may predispose to “combined nutcracker syndrome”. …”
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“…We describe a rare case of a combination of DS, Nutcracker, and SMA or Wilkie's syndrome in a young patient.…”
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“…AIM OF THE STUDY: In this article, we describe a rare case of the nutcracker syndrome caused by combined compression of the left anteroaortic and retroaortic renal veins. …”
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“…INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: The left renal vein (LRV) is affected by a venous compression syndrome called Nutcracker syndrome (NCS). This syndrome is characterized by extrinsic compression of the LRV, which usually occurs between aorta and superior mesenteric artery. …”
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“…Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a candidate species for listing under the Endangered Species Act, depends on Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) for seed dispersal. …”
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“…The patient demonstrated no typical symptoms of nutcracker syndrome. The left renal vein (LRV) was compressed as it passed between the superior mesenteric artery and the right renal artery. …”
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“…Nutcracker phenomenon or renal vein entrapment is classically seen as a compression of renal vein in between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery with patients being asymptomatic or clinically manifested in the form of nutcracker syndrome as proteinuria, hematuria, flank pain, pelvic congestion in women, and varicocele in men. …”
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“…However, an association between CMT and abdominal venous congestion caused by left renal vein compression, or ‘nutcracker phenomenon,’ has not been previously reported. …”
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“…SMA syndrome may rarely combine with Nutcracker syndrome when left renal vein (LRV) was compressed between SMA and AA. …”
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“…Reduction in retroperitoneal fat due to several debilitating conditions is considered to be the cause of the decreased angle between the 2 vessels. Nutcracker phenomenon is the asymptomatic compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. …”
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“…The Nutcracker Syndrome is manifest in the presence of a symptomatic entrapment of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. …”
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