“…This study focused on the responses of soil biodiversity to the altering of plant functional groups, namely overstory and understory vegetations, rather than plant diversity gradient. …”
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“…In south China, eucalyptus plantations typically consist of a single-species overstory (a eucalyptus monoculture) and a dense understory of a dominant fern species. …”
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“…Data are stored in separate Microsoft Excel spreadsheets: overstory trees, understory trees, and years after harvesting.…”
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“…The N uptake patterns of understory plants may vary beneath different types of overstory trees, especially through the difference in their type of mycorrhizal association (arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM; or ectomycorrhizal, ECM), because soil mycorrhizal community and N availability differ beneath AM (non-ECM) and ECM overstory trees (e.g., relatively low nitrate content beneath ECM overstory trees). …”
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“…We found that New England cottontail occupied sites with a mean overstory tree canopy cover of 58% (SE±1.36), and was less likely than eastern cottontail to occupy sites with lower overstory canopy cover and more likely to occupy sites with higher overstory canopy cover. …”
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“…Most relevant previous studies emphasized the overall effects of the Whole-stand structural characteristics on understory regeneration, while the strata-specific impacts of the overstory should be explored especially for those forests with a complicated combination of overstory species and heights. …”
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“…We conclude that successful natural oak regeneration is more likely to be achieved on sites with lower fertility and requires constantly controlling overstory density. Initially sufficient mature oaks in the overstory should be ensured. …”
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“…Pseudotsuga menziesii (mean elevation = 0.881 m) and Tsuga heterophylla (mean elevation = 1.737 m) were overstory indicator species of the WB, while Fraxinus latifolia (mean elevation = 0.005 m) was an overstory indicator for the upper and lower wetland. …”
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“…BACKGROUND: The ability of overstory tree species to regenerate successfully is important for the preservation of tree species diversity and its associated flora and fauna. …”
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“…Our results showed that resident species were distributed in lower elevation regions with higher mean spring temperatures, whereas migrant species were found in higher elevation regions with lower mean spring temperatures and higher overstory vegetation coverage. Although high elevation conditions might adversely affect the reproduction of migrant birds, higher overstory vegetation coverage at high elevations seemed to compensate for this by providing a better nesting and roosting environment. …”
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“…Results showed that N concentrations were higher in overstory than in understory and litter in the studied forests. …”
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“…Using the FIAD database, limber pine was observed to occur with 22 different overstory species, which represents a surprising number of the woody, overstory species commonly observed in the Intermountain West. …”
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“…Existing segmentation procedures typically detect more than 90% of overstory trees, yet they barely detect 60% of understory trees because of the occlusion effect of higher canopy layers. …”
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“…In contrast, Acer, Fagus, and other mesophytic species were abundant and spatially widespread in subcanopy layers suggesting these species are more likely to recruit in gap-scale canopy openings. In the overstory, mesophytic species were spatially restricted to lower and mid-slope mesic habitats. …”
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“…Our findings suggest that the overstory canopy should be prevented from being disturbed, any reduction of the canopy cover will decrease the recruits and affect the regeneration.…”
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“…Low levels of regeneration coupled with high overstory mortality rates indicate a potential lack of resilience in spruce-fir stands, whereas resilience to future western spruce budworm defoliation events may have increased in mixed-conifer stands affected by these outbreaks.…”
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“…Species' differences in seedling and sapling tolerance to shade cast by overstory trees is thought to determine species composition at late‐successional stages. …”
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“…In this study, using data from 12 subtropical plantation sites, we found that the overstory tree biomass and tree cover increased with increasing plantation age. …”
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