“…A blinded plastic surgeon and a blinded neurosurgeon, not involved in the operation, evaluated the scars using SBSES. A priori sample size using a clinically significant difference of one was determined. …”
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“…Moreover, the ability to obtain information on cardiac electrical activity non-invasively using ECGi provides the potential for a priori information to guide invasive surgical procedures, improving success rates, and reducing procedure time. …”
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“…Estimated emissions in South Korea were 0.42 Tg N for NO(x) and 1.1 Tg CO for CO, which were 40% and 83% higher, respectively, than the a priori bottom‐up inventories, and increased mean ozone concentration by up to 7.5 ± 1.6 ppbv. …”
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“…Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess differences between patients and controls, and to evaluate possible dose-response relationships. A priori, we expected patients to display lower hippocampal and amygdala volumes. …”
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“…Two thousand two hundred seventy-nine participants completed the 16-item version of the prodromal questionnaire (PQ-16) and a 9-item questionnaire of perceptual and cognitive aberrations (PCA) for the assessment of basic symptoms (BS) online. 52.3% of participants met a priori cut-off criteria for the PQ and 73.6% for PCA items online. …”
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“…All data extraction will be performed by at least two independent reviewers on the basis of a priori developed extraction form. We will evaluate the risk of bias of the included RCTs in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool, and assess the quality of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. …”
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“…For every intervention/outcome pair, one systematic review will be included. An a priori protocol will guide, which systematic reviews will be chosen, how their credibility will be evaluated, and how the quality of the body of evidence will be rated. …”
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“…Thereby, different applications of metabolomic strategies in biomarker research for DOA identification were identified: (a) as an additional tool for metabolism studies bearing the major advantage that particularly a priori unknown or unexpected metabolites can be identified; and (b) for identification of endogenous biomarker or metabolite patterns, e.g., for synthetic cannabinoids or also to indirectly detect urine manipulation attempts by chemical adulteration or replacement with artificial urine samples. …”
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“…All subjects were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 T, and gray matter volume was measured in a priori defined regions of interest (ROIs) in the cortical midline structures. …”
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“…The definition of consensus will be set a priori. Consensus will be gauged for both appropriateness and inappropriateness of treatment strategies. …”
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“…Mixed effects logistic regression using linear spines was used to test a-priori hypothesis that annual surgical volume would be inversely related in a nonlinear fashion to risk of revision. …”
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“…After treatment, patients showed significant decreases in both affective empathy and activity of three a priori selected brain regions associated with empathy for pain. …”
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“…Our results showed that reliable estimates of EP can be obtained without a priori knowledge of the sequence phylogeny and divergence times. …”
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“…The validity was tested with six a-priori hypotheses. These included construct validity assessments, evaluating convergent validity and performing known group comparisons. …”
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“…We calculated Cronbach’s alpha (α) Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) statistics for disability and episodic scores respectively (internal consistency reliability), smallest detectable change (SDC) for each HDQ severity item and domain (precision), and tested 36 a priori hypotheses assessing correlations between HDQ and criterion scores (construct validity). …”
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“…The sequences of BC–ROI combinations present in the libraries may be either known a priori or not. In the latter case, it is necessary to identify these combinations before performing functional experiments. …”
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“…METHOD: We undertook an observational analytic study of free-text comments in online forums about mood effects of dietary interventions (ketogenic, omega-3 enriched or vegetarian) classified by a priori categories of change in mood stabilisation in 274 people with bipolar disorder. …”
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“…However, DTWA approaches need modification to take advantage of the a-priori knowledge regarding a common, underlying gold-standard RNA / DNA sequence. …”
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“…From computed tomography, muscle mass normalized for stature (skeletal muscle index [SMI]) was calculated. A priori-selected variables were tested using multivariable linear regression models (P values ≤.05). …”
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“…Neither IFN‐induced SVR nor DAA‐induced SVR was associated with risk of colon cancer or prostate cancer, which were chosen a priori as comparison/control malignancies. Conclusion: We describe novel strong associations between IFN‐induced SVR and lymphoma, multiple myeloma, MGUS, and all hematologic malignancies combined. …”
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