“…It is unknown if increased AVP levels in FS are of any biological function. Therefore, our a priori hypothesis was that children with FS have increased VWF parameters in parallel with higher AVP levels. …”
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“…The co-occurrence of plant species is a fundamental aspect of plant ecology that contributes to understanding ecological processes, including the establishment of ecological communities and its applications in biological conservation. A priori algorithms can be used to measure the co-occurrence of species in a spatial distribution given by coordinates. …”
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“…It first estimates the global clonal structure by clustering the variant allelic frequencies on sampled point mutations. This offers a priori on the number of clonal haplotypes when copy-number variations are not considered. …”
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“…The other method incorporated double‐observer MR with a categorical distance covariate (MRD). A priori, we were concerned that estimators from MR models were compromised by heterogeneity in [Formula: see text] due to un‐modeled distance information; that is, more distant birds are less likely to be detected by both observers, with the predicted effect that [Formula: see text] would be biased high, and [Formula: see text] biased low. …”
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“…Criteria for conducting meta-analyses were defined a priori. Our primary outcomes of interest are tooth loss, loosening of teeth, and depletion of bone tissue. …”
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“…Primary outcomes, defined a priori, were therapeutic responses (clinical effective rate and clinical benefit rate), survival time, life quality, and adverse events of As(2)O(3) & TACE compared with alone TACE expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). …”
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“…CONCLUSIONS: The ‘apparent’ R package is a fast and accurate parentage analysis tool that uses genome-wide SNP data to identify parent-progeny relationships within populations for which no a priori knowledge of family structure exists. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2662-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”
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“…Though several studies have assessed acute and chronic stress responses in varied taxa, these attempts have often involved a priori expectations of the molecular pathways involved in physiological responses, such as glucocorticoid pathways and neurohormone production in vertebrates. …”
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“…For the qualitative data, analyses focused on a priori themes and emergent subthemes. RESULTS: Respondents were 414 researchers from 44 academic medical institutions; 64.5% reported that results should always be shared with participants, yet 60.8% of respondents could identify studies in which they had a leadership role where results were not shared. …”
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“…Mixed factorial ANOVA was used for all statistical analysis and significance was set a priori at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Distance covered in the 6-min walking significantly improved 9% in MP versus 2% in PLA (mean difference: 110 ± 43 m, p = 0.012) in addition to 11 WOMAC components and 5 VAS reflective of MP improving joint health, discomfort and joint stability (all p < 0.05 vs. …”
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“…Responsiveness was evaluated by testing five a priori responsiveness hypotheses. The hypotheses concerned the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and correlations (Spearman’s rho) between the change scores of the physical capacity tasks, the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0 (ODI), and back pain intensity measured with visual analog scale (VAS). …”
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“…Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used with p<0.05 set a priori as significant. RESULTS: Seven hundred and four pharmacists (Amman n=486; Irbid n=218) responded to the questionnaire, providing completely answered questionnaires with a response rates of 69.4% in Amman and 99.6% in Irbid. …”
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“…Most primary outcomes surpassed the a priori thresholds for feasibility. Several findings have important implications for designing a full trial. …”
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“…Only two MAs had an a priori design. Items 3, 5 and 9 had the highest compliance (50/52, 96.2%), and aside from item 1, items 7 and 8 had the lowest compliance (33/52,63.5%). …”
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“…STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: After an a priori power analysis, 58 consecutive patients with UCL tears and a minimum of 2-year follow-up were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: those who successfully completed operative treatment and those who completed nonoperative treatment. …”
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“…When possible, we will conduct: (1) in direct comparisons, a random-effect meta-analysis to establish the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions on patient-important outcomes; and (2) multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis to assess the relative effects of treatments. We will use a priori hypotheses to explain heterogeneity between studies. …”
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“…Abstracts, conference papers, and reviews were excluded a priori. We limited our literature search to articles published in English, in peer-reviewed journals. …”
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“…The multivariable model was adjusted for a priori confounders. Registration number: PROSPERO, CRD42017047703. …”
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“…Moderators of agreement were selected a priori and included the measure used for prospective or retrospective assessment of childhood maltreatment, age at retrospective report, sample size, sex distribution, and study quality. …”
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“…METHODS: We searched five online databases and reference lists up to January 2017. Studies satisfying a priori eligibility criteria were evaluated independently by two authors. …”
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