“…Multivariable linear regression was then performed to account for confounding factors identified a priori. RESULTS: There was no difference in LAS between those with BMI ≥ 30 and BMI < 30. …”
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“…Interviews were transcribed and transcripts were coded using a codebook developed both a priori and amended as additional themes emerged. …”
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“…We also performed an individual-level analysis using logistic regression with cases and controls with zip+4 centroid PM(2.5). We adjusted a priori for the same covariates and verified no confounding by indicators of socioeconomic status or neurologist density. …”
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“…Evidence was extracted using an a priori extraction form and summarized in tables and text. …”
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“…The protocol was registered a priori and adhered to the PRISMA statement. Full-text studies in English with > 10 patients (prospective), > 500 patients (retrospective), or randomised trials were included. …”
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“…Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations for OR and 95% CI comparing depression before and during pandemic. Models a priori adjusted for sex, age, and site. RESULTS: 2,038 AFRICOS participants with complete cases and visits before and during COVID-19 periods included. …”
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“…The models included age, sex, symptom duration a priori and all variables with p< 0.2 in univariate analysis. …”
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“…Indications for testing were categorized into 4 clinical syndromes defined a priori: pneumonia; skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI); head and neck infections (HNI); and bacteremia. …”
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“…Prolonged bacteremia was defined a priori as the upper quartile of duration. Orthopedic complications included pathologic fractures, avascular necrosis, angular deformity and chronic osteomyelitis. …”
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“…A random-effects model was selected a priori because of the expected high degree of heterogeneity in the study, followed by sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. …”
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“…Infections and fasciotomies were considered events irrespective of the fracture gap. We planned a priori to conduct a subgroup analysis of outcomes in patients with open and closed fractures. …”
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“…The scaling of circumference ratios (e.g., waist/hip) to V/H conformed to models developed on the scaling of individual circumferences to V/H, indicating their relations to BMI are predictable a priori. Waist, hip, and arm/calf circumferences had the highest associations with whole-body visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle volumes, respectively. …”
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“…Studies were grouped according to a priori categories on migraine and cardiovascular disease. …”
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“…Compared to persons without ACEs, the risk of lung cancer for those with ≥ 6 ACEs was increased approximately 3-fold (hospital records: RR = 3.18, 95%CI = 0.71-14.15; mortality records: RR = 3.55, 95%CI = 1.25-10.09; hospital or mortality records: RR = 2.70, 95%CI = 0.94-7.72). After a priori consideration of a causal pathway (i.e., ACEs → smoking → lung cancer), risk ratios were attenuated toward the null, although not completely. …”
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“…Constraining the analysis by a priori homology assessment is defended here as a way of maintaining the severity of the test when adding new data to the analysis. …”
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“…The evaluation tools were designed to provide quantitative estimates across various domains of knowledge and skills. A priori thresholds were established for performance rating. …”
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“…Differentiation of true and spurious associations was not possible without a priori knowledge of the candidate genes, based on re-sequencing. …”
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“…The method involves stratifying rare missense substitutions observed in cases and/or controls into a series of grades ordered a priori from least to most likely to be evolutionarily deleterious, followed by a logistic regression test for trends to compare the frequency distributions of the graded missense substitutions in cases versus controls. …”
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“…The validity of using these two data elements, typically extracted from administrative databases or patient charts, to define the time of stroke onset and to assign exposure are critical in this field of research as air pollutant concentrations are temporally and spatially variable. Our a priori hypotheses were that date of presentation differs from the date of stroke onset for a substantial number of patients, and that assigning exposure to ambient pollution using place of residence introduces an important source of exposure measurement error. …”
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“…Affymetrix array and multiplex tandem (MT)-PCR studies were conducted to evaluate transcriptional profiles in circulating white blood cells applying a set of 42 molecular markers that had been identified a priori. A LogitBoost algorithm was used to create a machine learning diagnostic rule to predict sepsis outcomes. …”
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