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  1. 7041
    “…Reporting quality seemed poor based on the items we assessed; few reviews mentioned an a-priori protocol (n = 246, 15.4%) or registration (n = 111, 6.9%), and only 23.4% (n = 374) specified a primary outcome. …”
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    A descriptive analysis of non-Cochrane child-relevant systematic reviews published in 2014
  2. 7042
    “…Relapse and reinfection were defined a priori as UTI diagnosed from, respectively, 0–14 days and 15–30 days following ABX depletion; recurrence was defined as either relapse or reinfection. …”
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    1506. Association of Antibiotic Treatment Duration with First Recurrence of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Pediatric Patients
  3. 7043
    “…We hypothesized that family physician (FP) training in the Adult Mental Health Practice Support Program (AMHPSP) would lead to greater improvements in patient depressive symptom ratings (a priori primary outcome) compared to treatment as usual. …”
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    Controlled trial of the impact of a BC adult mental health practice support program (AMHPSP) on primary health care professionals’ management of depression
  4. 7044
    “…This contrasts greatly with conventional engineering and design approaches that apply tailor-made materials and tools to achieve well-defined functions that are specified a priori. We here propose that urban tinkering is the application of evolutionary thinking to urban design, engineering, ecological restoration, management and governance. …”
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    Urban tinkering
  5. 7045
    “…It has been found that recently proposed FSD and SDR based reaction rate closures based on a-priori DNS analysis of simple chemistry data perform satisfactorily also for the detailed chemistry case both away from and close to the wall without any adjustment to the model parameters.…”
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    Direct Numerical Simulation of Head-On Quenching of Statistically Planar Turbulent Premixed Methane-Air Flames Using a Detailed Chemical Mechanism
  6. 7046
    “…The posterior probability that the 18-g dose is superior to placebo was 0.78, which did not meet the a priori threshold of 0.90. Mortality at 28 days was 45.9% (34 of 74) in the placebo group compared with 43.3% (45 of 104) for the most promising levocarnitine dose (18 g). …”
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    Effect of Levocarnitine vs Placebo as an Adjunctive Treatment for Septic Shock: The Rapid Administration of Carnitine in Sepsis (RACE) Randomized Clinical Trial
  7. 7047
    “…FINDINGS: We describe DNA methylation findings in buccal swab DNA of the 3–7-year-old children (CBT(N) = 12, TAU(N) = 11), at a genome-wide level at 770,668 CpG sites and at 729 CpG sites spanning 16 a priori selected candidate genes, including the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1). …”
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    Exploring the effect of antenatal depression treatment on children’s epigenetic profiles: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial
  8. 7048
    “…App contents were evaluated using an a priori 14-item self-management support (SMS-14) checklist. …”
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    Evaluation of Self-Management Support Functions in Apps for People With Persistent Pain: Systematic Review
  9. 7049
    “…The articles were screened for inclusion using a priori criteria set following PRISMA-P and STREGA guidelines. …”
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    K13-propeller gene polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum parasite population in malaria affected countries: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors
  10. 7050
    “…METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a multicentre cohort of emergency department clinicians who performed PIVC insertion. We defined CIPIVC a priori as one used for a specific clinical treatment and or procedure such as prescribed intravenous (IV) fluids; prescribed IV medication; or IV contrast (for computerized tomography scans). …”
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    Derivation of a clinical decision-making aid to improve the insertion of clinically indicated peripheral intravenous catheters and promote vessel health preservation. An observational study
  11. 7051
    “…Importantly, we found that a combination of five of the most robustly predictive metabolites significantly improved risk prediction if added to models with an a priori defined set of traditional risk factors, but only a marginal improvement was achieved when using models based on optimally selected traditional risk factors. …”
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    Plasma metabolites associated with type 2 diabetes in a Swedish population: a case–control study nested in a prospective cohort
  12. 7052
    “…METHODS: This study investigates whether indicators of an open-door policy, as measured by a priori determined outcomes, can be improved by a defined complex intervention on two intervention wards in two psychiatric hospitals, compared to two control wards with otherwise very similar conditions. …”
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    Open doors by fair means: Study protocol for a 3-year prospective controlled study with a quasi-experimental design towards (or to implement) an open Ward policy in acute care units
  13. 7053
    “…The incidence rates of a priori-defined safety events were integrated post hoc (adjusted for duration of follow-up, reported per 100 patient-years [PYs]). …”
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    Ustekinumab Safety in Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Crohn’s Disease: An Integrated Analysis of Phase II/III Clinical Development Programs
  14. 7054
    “…The patients received a priori list of symptoms for the condition they presented with and were instructed to provide a negative or noncommittal answer for all other symptoms during the diagnostic interview. …”
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    A Speech-Enabled Fixed-Phrase Translator for Emergency Settings: Crossover Study
  15. 7055
    “…In multivariate analysis controlling for socioeconomic status, age, sex, rainfall and bednet use, malaria smear positivity peaked near 25 °C at all four sites, as predicted a priori from an ecological model. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides direct field evidence of a unimodal relationship between ambient temperature and human malaria incidence with a peak in malaria transmission occurring at lower temperatures than previously recognized clinically. …”
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    Malaria smear positivity among Kenyan children peaks at intermediate temperatures as predicted by ecological models
  16. 7056
    “…Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to adjust for clustering by district and potential confounders decided a priori (maternal education, maternal age, parity, age of child, sex of child) and to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and corresponding p values. …”
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    Home-based records for poor mothers and children in Afghanistan, a cross sectional population based study
  17. 7057
    “…Specifically, women with a‐priori higher risk of progression to HELLP, such as those already presenting with pre‐eclampsia instead of gestational hypertension, were shown to benefit from earlier delivery. © 2019 The Authors. …”
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    Delivery or expectant management for prevention of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual participant data meta‐analysis
  18. 7058
    “…To date, few objective data exist to guide clinical decision-making when selecting a therapeutic agent a priori, and standardized, clinically-approved drug susceptibility testing platforms for Leishmania spp. have yet to be established. …”
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    Susceptibility testing of Leishmania spp. against amphotericin B and fluconazole using the Sensititre™ YeastOne™ YO9 platform
  19. 7059
    “…METHODS: Apps focusing on 5 major modifiable lifestyle behaviors were identified using a priori key search terms across the Australian Apple iTunes and Google Play stores. …”
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    Using Health and Well-Being Apps for Behavior Change: A Systematic Search and Rating of Apps
  20. 7060
    “…Using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments framework, we assessed face validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, structural validity, and measurement error. We tested four a priori hypotheses on correlation of extent score with patient-reported outcome measures to assess construct validity. …”
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    A cultural adaptation and validation study of a self-report measure of the extent of and reasons for medication nonadherence among patients with diabetes in Singapore
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