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  1. 3021
    “…Therefore, we hypothesized that bufadienolide synthesis may be stimulated by elevated levels of corticosterone (CORT), the main glucocorticoid hormone of amphibians, or by upstream regulators that stimulate CORT production. …”
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    Does the Glucocorticoid Stress Response Make Toads More Toxic? An Experimental Study on the Regulation of Bufadienolide Toxin Synthesis
  2. 3022
    “…METHODS: For this systematic review, the search for articles by keywords took place in the databases “Science Direct,” Scopus,” “SciELo” and “Web of Science,” associating the term “taboo” with the taxa “amphibians,” “birds,” “mammals,” “fish” and “reptiles.” …”
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    Food taboos and animal conservation: a systematic review on how cultural expressions influence interaction with wildlife species
  3. 3023
    “…In mouse (Mus musculus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) embryos, the coronary arteries unique to amniotes are established by the reconstitution of transient vascular plexuses: aortic subepicardial vessels (ASVs) in the outflow tract and the primitive coronary plexus on the ventricle. In contrast, amphibians (Hyla japonica, Lithobates catesbeianus, Xenopus laevis, and Cynops pyrrhogaster) retain the ASV-like vasculature as truncal coronary arteries throughout their lives and have no primitive coronary plexus. …”
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    Coronary artery established through amniote evolution
  4. 3024
    “…These results suggest that the lung area can be activated to produce rhythmic respiratory-related motor output in a reduced brainstem section and provide new insights into respiratory rhythm generation in adult amphibians. First, clustering breaths into episodes can occur within the rhythm-generating network without long-range input from structures such as the pons. …”
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    Activation of respiratory-related bursting in an isolated medullary section from adult bullfrogs
  5. 3025
    “…Amphibians are ideal for studying visual system evolution because their biphasic (aquatic and terrestrial) life history and ecological diversity expose them to a broad range of visual conditions. …”
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    Selection on Visual Opsin Genes in Diurnal Neotropical Frogs and Loss of the SWS2 Opsin in Poison Frogs
  6. 3026
    “…This use has affected aquatic ecosystems, causing malformations in amphibians. The Savannah frog (D. molitor) is a tropical frog inhabiting the mountain of Colombia. …”
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    Effect of sublethal concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicides (Roundup Active®) on skin of the tropical frog (Dendropsophus molitor)
  7. 3027
    por Cox, Caroline, Surgan, Michael
    Publicado 2006
    “…Inert ingredients can increase the phytotoxicity of pesticide formulations as well as the toxicity to fish, amphibians, and microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS: Pesticide registration should require full assessment of formulations. …”
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    Unidentified Inert Ingredients in Pesticides: Implications for Human and Environmental Health
  8. 3028
    “…While mammals, birds, and amphibians increase cardiac output through large increases in heart rate and only modest increases (∼30%) in stroke volume, fish and some reptiles use modest increases in heart rate and very large increases in stroke volume (up to 300%). …”
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    The Cellular Basis for Enhanced Volume-modulated Cardiac Output in Fish Hearts
  9. 3029
    “…RESULTS: Across mammals, avians, and amphibians, the TAAR1 gene is intact and appears to be under strong purifying selection based on rates of amino acid fixation compared to neutral mutations. …”
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    Functional evolution of the trace amine associated receptors in mammals and the loss of TAAR1 in dogs
  10. 3030
    “…By contrast, teleost fish and urodele amphibians are capable of heart regeneration after a partial amputation. …”
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    The zebrafish heart regenerates after cryoinjury-induced myocardial infarction
  11. 3031
    “…In some species, such as amphibians and fish, their eyes are capable of regeneration after injury(5), however; the mammalian eye shows no such regenerative properties. …”
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    Isolation of Retinal Stem Cells from the Mouse Eye
  12. 3032
    “…Because some sex chromosomes in amphibians and arthropods are thought to be derived from B chromosomes, the B chromosomes in Lake Victoria cichlids may represent an evolutionary transition toward the generation of sex chromosomes.…”
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    B Chromosomes Have a Functional Effect on Female Sex Determination in Lake Victoria Cichlid Fishes
  13. 3033
    “…This view is supported by the estimated number of OR genes in the Burmese python's draft genome (∼280), although squamates may generally have fewer OR genes than terrestrial mammals and amphibians. The OR gene repertoire of the python seems unique in that many class I OR genes are retained. …”
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    Characterization of Squamate Olfactory Receptor Genes and Their Transcripts by the High-Throughput Sequencing Approach
  14. 3034
    “…Previous research has shown that the geographical distribution patterns of freshwater fishes and amphibians have been influenced by past climatic oscillations in China resulting from Pleistocene glacial activity. …”
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    Patterns of Diversity, Areas of Endemism, and Multiple Glacial Refuges for Freshwater Crabs of the Genus Sinopotamon in China (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae)
  15. 3035
    “…DESIGN: Observational study of visitor behaviour at stalls that displayed and sold animals, mainly amphibians and reptiles, to assess potential contamination risk from zoonotic pathogens. …”
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    Visitor behaviour and public health implications associated with exotic pet markets: an observational study
  16. 3036
    “…This may indicate alternative migratory strategies, resembling the seasonal partial migrations seen in birds, fishes and amphibians, where only a subset of the population migrates. …”
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    Behavioral, Ecological and Genetic Differentiation in an Open Environment—A Study of a Mysid Population in the Baltic Sea
  17. 3037
    “…Oomycetes in the class Saprolegniomycetidae of the Eukaryotic kingdom Stramenopila have evolved as severe pathogens of amphibians, crustaceans, fish and insects, resulting in major losses in aquaculture and damage to aquatic ecosystems. …”
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    Distinctive Expansion of Potential Virulence Genes in the Genome of the Oomycete Fish Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica
  18. 3038
    por Bain, Odile, Junker, Kerstin
    Publicado 2013
    “…It was noted that, irrespective of their geographic origin, species from mammals share certain characters (shorter left spicule and absence of precloacal papillae) that oppose them to those from amphibians and reptiles. A hypothesis for the origin of Trichospirura in mammals through a remote host-switching event in tupaiids in southern Asia, likely facilitated by the intermediate hosts, and for their subsequent migration to the Ethiopian and finally Neotropical Realm is proposed. …”
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    Trichospirura aethiopica n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from Malacomys longipes (Rodentia: Muridae) in Gabon, first record of the genus in the Ethiopian Realm
  19. 3039
    por Takahashi, Akiyoshi, Mizusawa, Kanta
    Publicado 2013
    “…In addition, over the last decade, much information has been obtained about the posttranslational processing of POMC in non-mammalian animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds through sequencing and peptide identification by mass spectrometry. …”
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    Posttranslational Modifications of Proopiomelanocortin in Vertebrates and Their Biological Significance
  20. 3040
    “…Amphibians are experiencing a precipitous global decline, and population stability on public lands with multiple uses is a key concern for managers. …”
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    Determining the Effects of Cattle Grazing Treatments on Yosemite Toads (Anaxyrus [=Bufo] canorus) in Montane Meadows
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