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  1. 6081
    “…RESULTS: An instrumental variable must satisfy three criteria: (1) It must predict the treatment received (strength of the instrument); (2) it cannot influence the outcome other that through the treatment received (exclusion restriction); and (3) it cannot be influenced by any factor that also influences the outcome (independence assumption). Arguments in favor of prescriber preference as an instrumental variable and suggestions for how to approach specific scenarios that may be encountered are offered. …”
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    A theoretical exploration of therapeutic monomania as a physician‐based instrumental variable
  2. 6082
    por Efthimiou, Orestis, White, Ian R.
    Publicado 2019
    “…In this paper, we present theoretical arguments as well as results from simulations to illustrate how such practices might lead to exaggerated and overconfident statements regarding relative treatment effects. …”
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    The dark side of the force: Multiplicity issues in network meta‐analysis and how to address them
  3. 6083
    “…On the basis of the overview of the presented arguments, the most commonly proposed recommendations were that there should be: (a) a general definition of work addiction, (b) the need for more transdisciplinary and integrative approach to research, and (c) propositions regarding more high-quality research. …”
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    Beyond the myths about work addiction: Toward a consensus on definition and trajectories for future studies on problematic overworking: A response to the commentaries on: Ten myths about work addiction (Griffiths et al., 2018)
  4. 6084
    “…The aims of this review are to summarize the physiological role played by CD38 in the brain, present the arguments indicating the involvement of CD38 in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, and to discuss these observations in light of CD38 complex biology.…”
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    CD38 in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation
  5. 6085
    por Nehm, Ross H., Kampourakis, Kostas
    Publicado 2014
    “…Second, it illustrates how science educators’ limited engagement with HPS scholarship on macroevolution has influenced construct delineation, measurement instrument development, and educational arguments about which aspects of macroevolution are most important for students to learn. …”
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    History and Philosophy of Science and the Teaching of Macroevolution
  6. 6086
    por Horwitz, Marc S, Sarvetnick, Nora
    Publicado 1996
    “…Ils jouent un rôle central dans le développement de l'auto-immunité et ne sont pas mutuellement exclusifs, ce qui leur permet une contribution individuelle à la maladie. Des arguments récents suggèrent un rôle supplémentaire des virus dans la réactivation et la chronicité des maladies auto-immunes.…”
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    Virus et auto-immunité
  7. 6087
    “…The number of organisms identified as I. scapularis symbionts has increased seemingly exponentially with the advent of PCR and next generation sequencing technologies, but convincing arguments have proposed that some of these are of environmental origin, unadapted to surviving the physiological conditions of the tick or that they are artifacts of ultrasensitive detection methods. …”
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    Sharing the Ride: Ixodes scapularis Symbionts and Their Interactions
  8. 6088
    por Parvu, Simona
    Publicado 2020
    “…The frequency of legislation changes and their utility is a subject of interest and always under debate with pro and contra arguments. In the current study, the perception of students regarding medical legislation changes was analyzed. …”
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    Sociodemographic Determinants and Students’ Perception Regarding Legislative Changes
  9. 6089
    “…An ionospheric gradient generates potential hazards for a ground-based argumentation system (GBAS) by enlarging the errors in the delay corrections between ground monitor stations and users. …”
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    A Study on the Characteristics of the Ionospheric Gradient under Geomagnetic Perturbations
  10. 6090
    “…Finally, we examine the constitutional arguments as to why enforcing these orders against abortion providers should not stand constitutional scrutiny. …”
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    The legal and medical necessity of abortion care amid the COVID-19 pandemic
  11. 6091
    “…This narrative review article aims to summarize key arguments for and against the use of oral antibiotics to complete treatment of uncomplicated SAB and evaluates the available evidence for specific oral regimens. …”
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    A Narrative Review of Early Oral Stepdown Therapy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Yay or Nay?
  12. 6092
    por Harper, Craig A., Lievesley, Rebecca
    Publicado 2020
    “…However, there is an almost total lack of empirical analyses of the psychological characteristics or behavioral implications of doll ownership. As such, existing arguments appear to represent the philosophical positions of those scholars expressing them, rather than being rooted in any objective evidence base. …”
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    Sex Doll Ownership: An Agenda for Research
  13. 6093
    por Inglis, Timothy J. J.
    Publicado 2020
    “…We need to use contemporary methods of assessing causality to ensure that clinical, laboratory and public health measures draw on a rational, evidence-based approach to argumentation. The purpose of any aetiological hypothesis is to derive actionable insights into this latest emerging infectious disease. …”
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    Logic in the time of coronavirus
  14. 6094
    “…This letter to the editor presents arguments for defining COVID-19 as a mental health disaster, the challenges facing policy-makers in addressing it as such, and calls upon researchers to fill this gap in the literature.…”
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    Defining COVID-19 as a Disaster Helps Guide Public Mental Health Policy
  15. 6095
    “…In this paper, we present genetic arguments that strongly support inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium. …”
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    No to Neocosmospora: Phylogenomic and Practical Reasons for Continued Inclusion of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in the Genus Fusarium
  16. 6096
    “…Yet the literature on planetary justice tends to stay at the level of ideal conceptions and abstract normative arguments of justice theory, without an explicit concern for the needs of the poor. …”
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    Planetary justice: Prioritizing the poor in earth system governance
  17. 6097
    por Marcus, Katrin, Rabilloud, Thierry
    Publicado 2020
    “…This should help biologists to select the best-suited proteomic strategy for their purposes in order not to be driven by raw availability or fashion arguments but rather by the best fitness for purpose. …”
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    How Do the Different Proteomic Strategies Cope with the Complexity of Biological Regulations in a Multi-Omic World? Critical Appraisal and Suggestions for Improvements
  18. 6098
    por Matsoukas, Themis
    Publicado 2020
    “…We study the stability of the most probable distribution, provide criteria for the sol-gel transition and obtain the distribution in the post-gel region by simple thermodynamic arguments.…”
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    The Smoluchowski Ensemble—Statistical Mechanics of Aggregation
  19. 6099
    “…We then outline the case for permitting the use of NIPT for these traits. These include arguments for reproductive liberty and autonomy; questioning the labelling of traits as ‘non-medical’; and the principle of procreative beneficence. …”
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    Non-invasive prenatal testing for ‘non-medical’ traits: ensuring consistency in ethical decision-making
  20. 6100
    por Xu, Yang, Liu, Emmy, Regier, Terry
    Publicado 2020
    “…We find that these numeral systems all reflect a functional need for efficient communication, mirroring existing arguments in other semantic domains such as color, kinship, and space. …”
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    Numeral Systems Across Languages Support Efficient Communication: From Approximate Numerosity to Recursion
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