“…Transferring what was known from experimental animal models to humans was met with many challenges, the atomic bomb research, and many deaths. Yet through the recognition and subsequent understanding of fundamental processes, medical resiliency, and the determination of a few pioneers, local bone marrow transplantation in orthopaedic surgery became a therapeutic option first for a limited number of diseases and patients. …”
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“…The lifetime cumulative dose calculation suggested that Mamuju residents could receive as much as 2.2 Sv on average which is much higher than the average dose of atomic bomb survivors for which risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases are demonstrated. …”
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“…We have studied the biological effects of the internal exposure to radioactive manganese-56 dioxide ((56)MnO(2)), the major radioisotope dust found in soil after atomic bomb explosions. Our previous study of blood chemistry indicated a possible adverse effect of (56)MnO(2) on the liver. …”
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“…The so-called ‘black rain’ fell in the form of precipitation on the western part of Hiroshima city and the northwestern suburbs within a few hours after the explosion of the atomic bomb on 6 August 1945, and exposed the population in this area. …”
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“…Although the risk of developing these diseases increases with radiation doses in atomic-bomb survivors, the causal relationship between radiation exposure and CH is unclear. …”
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“…The parameters of the TSCE models were derived from breast cancer data from the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. For exposure at age 30, all three models resulted in similar estimates of AS at age 60. …”
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“…Biobanks containing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from animals and human atomic-bomb survivors exposed to radioactive particulates remain a vital resource for understanding the molecular effects of radiation exposure. …”
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“…However, upper confidence intervals could not exclude levels of risk that would be predicted based on data from the study of atomic bomb survivors. We conclude that the current practice of extrapolating the effects of high-dose exposures to lower-dose situations is unlikely to seriously underestimate radiation hazards for low LET radiation.…”
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“…We took advantage of the atmospheric (14)C-declination curve (a result of the atomic bomb tests in the 1950s and 1960s) to determine the average biological age of carotid plaques. …”
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“…Our estimate agreed well with the leukaemia risk observed among exposed adults in the Life Span Study (LSS) of atomic bomb survivors, providing increased confidence in the current understanding of leukaemia risk from ionising radiation. …”
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“…MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was carried out at the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Council and included 6,556 participants (2,785 men and 3,771 women, aged 55–87 years) who underwent annual health examinations and were followed for 7.4 years. …”
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“…Risk estimates for radiation‐induced cancer in humans are based on epidemiological data largely drawn from the Japanese atomic bomb survivor studies, which received an acute high dose rate (HDR) ionising radiation. …”
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“…Secondary sarcoma risk is much smaller than carcinoma risk in accordance to the results of the atomic bomb survivors. The reduction of the peripheral dose and resulting secondary malignancy risk for FFF is statistically significant. …”
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“…In cell and animal experiments, a dose rate around 1 Gy/min is usually used as representative for HDR. However, atomic bomb survivors, the reference cohort for radiological protection, were exposed to tens of Gy/min. …”
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“…The low-LET models originate mostly from the study of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Risks predicted by these models are adjusted to be applicable to the population of Germany and to different time periods. …”
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“…Possible dose-response curves for various forms of leukemia are largely based on cohorts of atomic bomb survivors. Animal studies can contribute to an improved understanding of radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) in humans. …”
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“…In contrast, recent studies in acutely exposed Japanese atomic bomb survivors showed a significantly increased risk for normal-tension glaucoma (NTG, a subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma) at much lower dose, but such information is not available in any other cohorts. …”
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“…The analysis illustrated here considers model uncertainty for the outcome all solid cancer incidence, when modelled as a function of colon organ dose, using the most recent publicly available data from the Life Span Study on atomic bomb survivors of Japan. Seven recent publications reporting all solid cancer risk models currently deemed plausible by the scientific community have been included in a model averaging procedure so that the main conclusions do not depend on just one type of model. …”
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“…For example, coronary artery disease and stroke are both well-established adverse effects of therapeutic radiation, especially for breast and head-and-neck cancers [ 1]. Similarly, atomic bomb survivors were significantly more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than their countrymen [ 2]. …”
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“…The lifespan study of Atomic bomb survivors (LSS) has provided fundamental data to support the NLT. …”
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