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61por Struchtrup, Henning“…Topics include: car and aircraft engines, including Otto, Diesel and Atkinson cycles, by-pass turbofan engines, ramjet and scramjet; steam and gas power plants, including advanced regenerative systems, solar tower, and compressed air energy storage; mixing and separation, including reverse osmosis, osmotic powerplants, and carbon sequestration; phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium, distillation, chemical reactors, combustion processes, and fuel cells; the microscopic definition of entropy. …”
Publicado 2014
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62por Stephenson, Reginald J“…Mathematical introduction : arithmetic and algebra ; geometry, trigonometry, and analytic geometry ; calculus ; matter and force ; the Earth as an astronomical body ; the celestial sphere and measurement of time ; Moon and eclipses ; the solar system and celestial mechanics ; energy and work ; heat and the kinetic molecular theory ; the atomic constitution of matter ; electricity and magnetism ; electrical nature of matter ; wave motion and light ; electromagnetic waves ; spectra ; astronomical spectroscopy : astrophysics ; properties of more important elements ; oxidation and reduction ; reaction velocity and chemical equilibrium ; ionogens : acids, bases, salts ; atomic structure and chemical behavior ; electromotive series of the elements ; carbon and its compounds ; silicon and the structure of rocks ; Earth materials and processes ; gradation ; geologic work of the ocean : the sedimentary rocks ; diastrophism and earthquakes ; volcanism, the deep-seated rocks, and the rock cycle ; principles of Earth history ; fossils and ancient climates ; geological time ; geosynclines and mountains ; pre-cambrian and early paleozoic times ; late paleozoic and the Appalachian revolution ; the mesozoic era ; the cenozoic era ; mapping the Earth ; weather and weather maps ; climate ; nature of soils.…”
Publicado 1940
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63“…Hence we conclude that there is evidence for thermal equilibrium at kinetic freeze-out, albeit in the sense of the Tsallis distribution and there is no evidence for chemical equilibrium at the final stage of the collision.…”
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64“…In this study, employing the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD) DFT, we calculated the pH-dependent absorption and fluorescence spectra of flavin of three redox states (quinone, semiquinone, and hydroquinone) in solvents. The chemical equilibrium of three redox states of flavins and the pH effect on the absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of flavins were carefully discussed. …”
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65por Ragazzon, Giulio, Baroncini, Massimo, Silvi, Serena, Venturi, Margherita, Credi, Alberto“…The realization of artificial molecular motors capable of converting energy into mechanical work is a fascinating challenge of nanotechnology and requires reactive systems that can operate away from chemical equilibrium. This article describes the design and construction of a simple, supramolecular ensemble in which light irradiation causes the directional transit of a macrocycle along a nonsymmetric molecular axle, thus forming the basis for the development of artificial molecular pumps.…”
Publicado 2015
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66por Wang, Yi-Wen, Chen, Ting-Yang, Yang, Tsung-Han, Chang, Cheng-Chung, Yang, Tsung-Lin, Lo, Yu-Hwa, Huang, Jian-Jang“…The drain current change indicates the status of chemical equilibrium and stoichiometry.…”
Publicado 2016
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67por Bastea, Sorin“…The results are consistent with experimental observations and indicate that such entropy considerations are important for determining chemical equilibrium states in energetic materials that contain an excess of carbon. …”
Publicado 2017
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68“…The results showed that when KIm was used in the synthesis of DMC from propylene carbonate (PC) and methanol (MeOH), the chemical equilibrium could be reached within 3 minutes and the yield of DMC reached 73.03%, indicating that KIm performed better in transesterification than the majority of previously reported catalysts. …”
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69“…Making use of graphs, we set up and solved 2.8 × 10(5) multi-species chemical equilibrium (MSCE) non-linear equations and found which set of reactions fitted best with the experimental data available. …”
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70por Del Zanna, L, Chandra, V, Inghirami, G, Rolando, V, Beraudo, A, De Pace, A, Pagliara, G, Drago, A, Becattini, F“…ECHO-QGP features second-order treatment of causal relativistic viscosity effects in both Minkowskian or Bjorken coordinates; partial or complete chemical equilibrium of hadronic species before kinetic freeze-out; initial conditions based on the optical Glauber model, including a Monte-Carlo routine for event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions; a freeze-out procedure based on the Cooper-Frye prescription. …”
Publicado 2013
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71“…In this approach, chemical equilibrium modeling via PHREEQC is used in conjunction with empirical equations for computing EC to develop a function that relates the increase in EC during urea hydrolysis in a closed reactor to the concentration of ammonium species present (and concentration of urea remaining) in the reaction solution. …”
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72“…A model based on a triangular quantum well in thermal and chemical equilibrium and electron–electron interactions allows for calculating the electrical potential profile from the measured data. …”
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73“…Here, we provide evidence that the paddle motif exists in the open state of Drosophila Shaker voltage-gated K(+) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and that (CT)S3 acts as an extracellular hydrophobic "stabilizer" for (NT)S4, biasing the gating chemical equilibrium towards the open state.…”
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74“…We propose that a law of chemical equilibrium known as Le Châtelier’s principle governs the homeothermic control in skunk cabbage.…”
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75“…The effect of a cosolvent at low concentrations on a chemical equilibrium can then be addressed in terms of the difference in the solvation free energy between pure-water solvent and the mixed solvent with the cosolvent, and illustrative analyses with all-atom model are presented for the aggregation of an 11-residue peptide by employing the energy-representation method to compute the solvation free energy. …”
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76“…We introduce two novel insights: the chemical equilibrium, always established in the aqueous phase between the free and the membrane phospholipids, as mediators of protein-transport into the core of the bilayer, and the symmetry-breaking of oligomeric aggregates forming an alternating array of partially ordered and disordered monomers.…”
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77“…Theoretical modeling of titration curves of biochar samples was based on the application of surface complexation models, namely, so called Chemical Equilibrium Model (CEM) and Ion Exchange Model (IExM). …”
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78“…[Image: see text] Optical resolution by diastereomeric salt formation based on gas antisolvent fractionation is influenced by the chemical equilibrium of the salt formation, the solubility, and the extraction of the compounds. …”
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79por Wang, Suyan, Lin, Qinlu, Xu, Weizhen, An, Qingxiao, Zhou, Rongju, Yu, Cheng-Ju, Xu, Dong, Yuan, Zhiqin“…In this approach, HCl is used to slow down the growth reaction rate by changing chemical equilibrium, while Na(2)S is utilized to halt the reaction when LLSPR is reaching the expected wavelength under monitoring by a UV-Vis spectrometer. …”
Publicado 2020
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80“…This phase transfer effect of sulfur in Li–S batteries revealed a chemical equilibrium in the electrolyte of the Li–S battery, which may form a chemical path embedded into the discharge process of Li–S batteries.…”
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