“…Reversing the classical scheme from thermodynamic entropy to information, we suggest that the cosmological constant of the quantum vacuum, which is believed to provoke the current cosmic expansion, could be one of the sources of the perceived increases in thermodynamic entropy. …”
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“…Such quantum systems, which are also encountered in the study of quantum mechanics in cosmological backgrounds, suffer from a conflict between the unitarity of time evolution and the unobservability of the Hamiltonian. …”
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“…The DUCP entails several layers of complexity (material, biological, sociocultural, and artificial), showing that creativity is not only a psychological construct for humans but rather a unifying cosmological principle. Context embeddedness is discussed in-depth, introducing a taxonomy based on the concepts of tightness and looseness as applied to conceptual space and time. …”
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“…We examine those methodologies which seem to yield surer indications of how young people (at different ages) understand everyday astronomical phenomena—the field often referred to as children’s cosmologies. Theoretical ideas from cognitive psychology, educational instruction and neuroscience are examined in depth and utilised to critique matters such as the importance of subject mastery and pedagogical content knowledge on the part of interviewers; the merits of multi-media techniques; the roles of open-ended vs. structured methods of interviewing; and the need always to recognise the dynamism of memory in interviewees. …”
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“…With dissonance assumed to be an octave-wise periodic function of pitch difference, this model is a 3D XY system with the same symmetry and dimensionality as superfluid helium and models of the cosmological axion field. We use numerical simulation to observe a phase transition from disordered sound to ordered arrangements of musical pitches as a parameter analogous to the temperature is quenched towards zero. …”
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“…The detection of GeV photons from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has important consequences for the interpretation and modelling of these most-energetic cosmological explosions. The full exploitation of the high-energy measurements relies, however, on the accurate knowledge of the distance to the events. …”
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“…Models of dark energy in which neutrinos interact with the scalar field supposed to be responsible for the acceleration of the universe usually imply a variation of the neutrino masses on cosmological time scales. In this work we propose a parameterization for the neutrino mass variation that captures the essentials of those scenarios and allows to constrain them in a model independent way, that is, without resorting to any particular scalar field model. …”
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“…We investigate the sensitivity at current and future hadron colliders to a heavy electrically-charged particle with a proper decay length below a centimetre, whose decay products are invisible due to below-threshold energies and/or small couplings to the Standard Model. A cosmologically-motivated example of a framework that contains such a particle is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model in the limit of pure Higgsinos. …”
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“…A corollary statement is that the abundance of any particle that can decay into photons over cosmological timescales is constrained to be much smaller than the cold dark-matter density. …”
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“…These bound states may affect the cosmological abundances of Li6 and Li7 by enhancing nuclear rates that would otherwise be strongly suppressed. …”
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“…These results may be of particular relevance for cosmological inference methods that use a likelihood of the biased tracer at the field level or for initial condition and baryon acoustic oscillation reconstruction that requires a precise estimate of the large-scale potential from the biased tracer density.…”
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“…Considerations based on cosmological constraints and based on the data on neutrino oscillations favour a range of masses and couplings for these new heavy neutral leptons (HNL) which is largely accessible to experimental verification or falsification. …”
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“…The existence of Dark Matter (DM) is by now well established, and the fit of the cosmological model parameters to various measurements lead to a density of the cold non-baryoninc matter representing 26.5% of the critical density. …”
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“…In Third Thoughts Steven Weinberg casts a wide net: from the cosmological to the personal, from astronomy, quantum mechanics, and the history of science to the limitations of current knowledge, the art of discovery, and the rewards of getting things wrong. …”
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“…BATSE, launched in 1991, has established the cosmological origin of GRBs and has shown that they involve energies much higher than previously expected, corresponding to the most powerful explosions known in the Universe. …”
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“…We discuss the constraints from collider searches and high-precision measurements, the cosmological constraints on the relic abundance of the neutralino candidate for the Dark Matter in the Universe - where new and interesting channels for neutralino annihilation appear - and the gluino lifetime. …”
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“…With the onset of massive cosmological data collection through media such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), galaxy classification has been accomplished for the most part with the help of citizen science communities like Galaxy Zoo. …”
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“…You could even measure the distance to another galaxy and observe the cosmological redshift of the expanding universe.   Astronomical Discoveries You Can Make, Too! …”
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“…This volume is written by leading scientists in the field, who review the current state of our knowledge of tidal streams in the Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy, and in other nearby galaxies.  The cosmological origins of dwarf galaxies and the physical processes by which they are tidally disrupted into streams and incorporated into galaxy halos are discussed. …”
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“…This leads to the definition of the time-dependent scattering operator that encodes the far-field behavior (with respect to a stationary observer) in the asymptotic regions of the black hole: the event and cosmological horizons. The authors also use the miraculous property (quoting Chandrasekhar)-that the Dirac equation can be separated into radial and angular ordinary differential equations-to make the link between the time-dependent scattering operator and its stationary counterpart. …”
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