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  1. 4201
    “…According to participants, PWID would rather rent, share or borrow injection equipment at shooting galleries than purchase them due to stigma, fear of criminalization, transportation and purchase costs, restricted pharmacy hours, personal preference for needle sharing, and immediacy of drug need. …”
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    Access to and use of health and social services among people who inject drugs in two urban areas of Mozambique, 2014: qualitative results from a formative assessment
  2. 4202
    por Felix, Francis
    Publicado 2023
    “…When the Non-NAPICU group was looked at in greater detail, 2 patients had 2 separate recurrent admissions; one of which had a primary diagnosis of Learning Disability while the other had no clear Psychotic nor Depressive Disorder, and was complicated by Personality Disorder and criminality. 2/9 patients were detained using the forensic section 37/41. …”
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    Evaluation of Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Admissions in Comparison to NAPICU Guidelines on Admissions Criteria
  3. 4203
    “…METHODS AND FINDINGS: Bibliographic databases and reference lists were searched from 1970 to February 2009 for studies that reported on risks of interpersonal violence and/or violent criminality in individuals with schizophrenia and other psychoses compared with general population samples. …”
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    Schizophrenia and Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  4. 4204
    “…In the present study, we aimed at exploring ADHD and criminality. We estimated the prevalence of ADHD among longer-term prison inmates, described symptoms and cognitive functioning, and compared findings with ADHD among psychiatric outpatients and healthy controls. …”
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    Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among longer-term prison inmates is a prevalent, persistent and disabling disorder
  5. 4205
    “…However, accurate information on these behaviours may be difficult to elicit because of sociocultural hostility towards these populations and the criminalization associated with these behaviours. Audio computer assisted self-interview (ACASI) is an interviewing technique that may mitigate social desirability bias in this context. …”
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    Comparison of Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interview and Face-To-Face Interview Methods in Eliciting HIV-Related Risks among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Men Who Inject Drugs in Nigeria
  6. 4206
    “…Subjects with more severe drug dependence at baseline were significantly more likely to be criminally active than less severely dependent subjects. …”
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    Six-month follow-up of Iranian women in methadone treatment: drug use, social functioning, crime, and HIV and HCV seroincidence
  7. 4207
    por Conner, Brendan
    Publicado 2015
    “…INTRODUCTION: There is a strong evidence base that the stigma, discrimination and criminalization affecting adolescent key populations (KPs) aged 10–17 is intensified due to domestic and international legal constructs that rely on law-enforcement-based interventions dependent upon arrest, pre-trial detention, incarceration and compulsory “rehabilitation” in institutional placement. …”
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    “First, do no harm”: legal guidelines for health programmes affecting adolescents aged 10–17 who sell sex or inject drugs
  8. 4208
    “…The trauma resulting from this kind of abuse is a key contributing factor in behavioral problems in adolescence and subsequent delinquency, substance abuse, and criminality in adulthood. METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical study. …”
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    Traumatic experiences and re-victimization of female inmates undergoing treatment for substance abuse
  9. 4209
    “…In sensitivity analyses, we examined the contribution of substance abuse, sociodemographic factors, and previous criminality. In the second study, we studied a general population sample of twins (n=23 020) with continuous measures of depressive symptoms for risk of violent crime. …”
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    Depression and violence: a Swedish population study
  10. 4210
    por Muldoon, Katherine A.
    Publicado 2015
    “…CONCLUSIONS: There was limited information on socio-structural factors that affect sex workers’ commercial working environments in Uganda, including the role of policing and criminalization, as well as the prevalence and factors associated with violence. …”
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    A systematic review of the clinical and social epidemiological research among sex workers in Uganda
  11. 4211
    “…Therefore, we sought to investigate whether Rutter’s indicators of adversity (low social class, severe marital discord, large family size, paternal criminality, maternal mental disorder, and placement in out-of-home care) assessed in infancy could serve as early predictors for the development of ADHD. …”
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    Predicting ADHD by Assessment of Rutter’s Indicators of Adversity in Infancy
  12. 4212
    “…HCV treatment access – and harm reduction – should be massively scaled‐up to meet the needs of PWID, and efforts should be made to tackle stigma and discrimination, and stop criminalization of drug use and possession.…”
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    Treatment advocate tactics to expand access to antiviral therapy for HIV and viral hepatitis C in low‐ to high‐income settings: making sure no one is left behind
  13. 4213
    “…INTRODUCTION: HIV self‐testing (HIVST) offers an alternative to facility‐based HIV testing services, particularly for populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) who may fear accessing testing due to stigma, discrimination and criminalization. Innovative HIV testing approaches are needed to meet the goal of 90% of people living with HIV being diagnosed. …”
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    Uptake of HIV self‐testing and linkage to treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nigeria: A pilot programme using key opinion leaders to reach MSM
  14. 4214
    “…RESULTS: Research demonstrates consistent evidence of the direct and indirect impacts of structural factors (e.g., violence, stigma, criminalization, poor working conditions) on increasing risk for STBBIs among sex workers, further compounded by individual and interpersonal factors (e.g., mental health, substance use, unprotected sex). …”
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    Preventing sexually transmitted and blood borne infections (STBBIs) among sex workers: a critical review of the evidence on determinants and interventions in high-income countries
  15. 4215
    “…Drug checking services, which allow people who use drugs (PWUD) to learn about the contents of their drugs, remain limited and even criminalized in many states. Further, there is a persistent belief that PWUD are not willing or able to change their behaviors despite being aware of their potential exposure to fentanyl through drug use. …”
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    Harm reduction measures employed by people using opioids with suspected fentanyl exposure in Boston, Baltimore, and Providence
  16. 4216
    “…Residents described living in a street-based survival world characterized by criminalization, unmet health needs, stigma and unsafe spaces for drinking and a world punctuated by multiple losses and disconnections. …”
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    “There is a Place”: impacts of managed alcohol programs for people experiencing severe alcohol dependence and homelessness
  17. 4217
    “…Even today, psychedelics are still classified as Schedule I drugs, resulting in a still lingering negative stigmatization/perception, vilification, and ultimate criminalization of psychedelics. This controversy still lingers and still limits scientific research and full medical acceptance. …”
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    Psychedelics: Alternative and Potential Therapeutic Options for Treating Mood and Anxiety Disorders
  18. 4218
    “…Given the recent legalization of cannabis in Canada, there is ample opportunity to create a policy climate that can mitigate the harms of criminalization as well as impacts of the “funding effect” on research integrity, research agendas, and the evidence base available for decision-making, while promoting high-priority and equity-oriented independent research.…”
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    Cannabis companies and the sponsorship of scientific research: A cross-sectional Canadian case study
  19. 4219
    “…Issues surrounding legality were the most frequently cited barrier by patrons, including fear of criminalization, policing, and surveillance. Patrons and stakeholders identified a need for supportive policies that offer protections. …”
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    Contextual factors affecting the implementation of drug checking for harm reduction: a scoping literature review from a North American perspective
  20. 4220
    “…BACKGROUND: Social marginalization and criminalization create health and safety risks for sex workers and reduce their access to health promotion and prevention services compared to the general population. …”
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    Sex workers as peer health advocates: community empowerment and transformative learning through a Canadian pilot program
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