“…The electron abstraction is related to electron-donating groups (EDG) at position 3, decreasing the IP when compared to substitution at position 4. …”
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“…Indicators have high molar absorption coefficients of ∼80 000 M(–1) cm(–1), good quantum yields (up to 20%), excellent photostability and low cross-sensitivity to the ionic strength. pK(a) values of indicators are determined from absorbance and fluorescence measurements and range from 7 to 11, depending on the substitution pattern of electron-donating and -withdrawing functionalities. Therefore, the new indicators are suitable for exploitation and adaptation in a diverse range of analytical applications. …”
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“…Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MSM pretreatment could alleviate hepatic injury induced by acetaminophen intoxication, may be through its sulfur donating and antioxidant effects.…”
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“…This monomer preparation is universal for various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing benzaldehyde substrates. …”
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“…The predicted hepatocyte loss with Entolimod was lower than that required to cause liver dysfunction or that is routinely excised from volunteers donating for autologous liver transplantation and did not likely represent a serious health risk.…”
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“…Furthermore, both tyrosine and tryptophan exhibit unique action spectra, meaning that the identity of the donating chromophore can be easily determined in addition to the distance between donor/acceptor. …”
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“…The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of cultivated Angelica gigas Nakai (CAG) and wild Angelica gigas Nakai (WAG) extracts prepared by extraction with water, 30% ethanol, 60% ethanol, or 90% ethanol. The electron donating ability of the WAG extracts was higher than that of the CAG extracts and 0.1% and 1.0% solutions of the comparative substance, L-ascorbic acid. …”
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“…Exciplex is well known as a charge transfer state formed between electron-donating and electron-accepting molecules. However, exciplex based organic light emitting diodes (OLED) often performed low efficiencies relative to pure phosphorescent OLED and could hardly be used to construct white OLED (WOLED). …”
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“…This reduction-induced emissive phenomenon resulted from the electron-donating environment created by the surrounding phen and SiO(2), which is the first reported fabrication of a stable Eu(II)-based emissive material using mild conditions (reaction in air and at low temperature) and an organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructure. …”
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“…We aimed to investigate the influence of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents on the inhibitory constant K(i). …”
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“…The stepwise oxidation of each molecular clip involves an electrochemical mechanism with three one-electron processes and two charge-coupled chemical reactions, a scheme which is supported by electrochemical simulations. The fine-tunable π-donating ability of the TTF units and the cavity size allow to control binding interaction towards a strong electron acceptor such as tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F(4)-TCNQ) or a weaker electron acceptor such as 1,3-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB).…”
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“…Vitamin K compounds undergo oxidation-reduction cycling within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, donating electrons to activate specific proteins via enzymatic gamma-carboxylation of glutamate groups before being enzymatically reduced. …”
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“…Fluorescence excitation emission matrix analyses illustrated that H(2)O(2) facilitated the reduction by natural pyrite of organic molecules containing an electron-withdrawing group to electron-donating group. Thus, the Fenton-like process catalyzed by pyrite can remediate wastewater containing organic pollutants under mild reaction conditions and provide an alternative environmentally friendly method by which to reuse natural pyrite.…”
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“…Kinetic studies indicate that nitroarenes substituted with electron-withdrawing groups reduced faster than those with electron-donating groups. The measured positive ρ values from the formal Hammett-type kinetic analysis of X-substituted nitroarenes are consistent with the proposed mechanism that include the formation of possible [Ag]-H hybrid species, which are responsible for the reduction process. …”
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“…Participants (n = 120) were stroked on their left arm using a soft brush (touch condition) or not at all (control condition; varied within subjects), while they performed a series of decision tasks assessing betrayal aversion (the Betrayal Aversion Elicitation Task), altruism (donating money to a charitable organization), and risk taking (the Balloon Analog Risk Task). …”
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“…Their structural (crystal X-ray diffraction analyses), spectroscopical (NMR and UV-vis spectra), physio-optical (dichromism in solution) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammograms) properties are compared on the basis of the electron-donating/electron-withdrawing nature of the substituents. …”
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“…Whilst it is logistically possible to create computing systems that talk to each other and aggregate datasets ready to reveal novel correlations, the bottom line is that this will only happen if people (whether they be scientists, clinicians, patients, research participants, policy makers, politicians, law makers) support the principle that we should be donating, accessing and sharing our DNA data in this way. …”
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“…Here participants witnessed a confederate express pain through a reaction of the swatted hand or through a facial expression, and could decide to reduce that pain by donating money. Participants donate more money on trials in which the confederate expressed more pain. …”
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“…We show that the introduction of a second type of electron-donating unit in an initially donor-acceptor system induces effective mixing between charge transfer and locally excited triplet states, resulting in acceleration of the RISC rate while maintaining high photoluminescence quantum yield. …”
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“…Certain micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and phytochemicals (carotenoids and phenols) have potent antioxidant or methyl-donating properties and thus have received considerable interest. …”
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