“…SS use by competitive swimmers is reported to be prevalent but there is no evidence of such use by elite swimmers, either male or female. The objective of this research was to study the patterns of SS use by competitive swimmers based on sex and competitive levels (national and international); Methods: Using the categories of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), a total of 102 competitive swimmers (59 men and 43 women) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire on the use of SS; (3) Results: Overall, 86.9% of swimmers had consumed SSs with no differences observed between males and females (p = 0.247) or between competitive levels (p = 0.597). …”
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“…We construct a causal model, a misspecified causal model, a simulation dataset, and an observed tracking dataset of individual players from 302 elite soccer matches. The simulation dataset results show that TMLE outperforms GLM in estimating the effect size of the substitutions on the total physical performance. …”
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“…This reverse strategy selects the top 10% as the elite group, allowing us to escape from local optima while simultaneously expanding the range of the sparrow search algorithm’s optimal solution. …”
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“…In order to help athletes achieve better results in physical training and reduce the probability of injury, taking sprint training as an example, this article adopted the sports and body data of elite athletes through intelligent technology and big data analysis, established a human motion model from the perspective of biomechanics, and then conducted a corresponding test run experiment for athletes. …”
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“…Importantly, we provide evidence that CD4(+) T cells from HIV-1 elite controllers express less CCR5 than those from antiretroviral therapy-naïve progressors, an effect linked to a significant increase in miRNA-103 levels. …”
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“…Overall, patented cultivars and elite selections performed better than other less studied genotypes. …”
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“…A higher yield of leaves and pods is often desirable for making various products with commercial viability and amenable for trade in the international market. Therefore, breeding elite varieties adapted to local agroclimatic conditions and in vitro propagation are viable and sustainable approaches. …”
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“…‘Sports participation’, ‘elite players’, and ‘sports industry’ were macroscopically classified, and detailed research topics could be identified from each division. …”
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“…Allergy and respiratory disorders are common in young athletic individuals. In the context of elite sport, it is essential to secure an accurate diagnosis in order to optimize health and performance. …”
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“…The standard history of ‘the bomb’ focuses on the military-industrial development of the Manhattan Project in the context of World War II, focusing on the figure of the elite male scientist as embodying the unique moral dilemmas of a new ‘nuclear age’. …”
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“…The motivation for developing this model stems from a strategic priority of WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) to monitor the prevalence of doping use by elite athletes. For this model we derived a maximum likelihood estimator that allows for binary logistic regression analysis. …”
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“…A fast non-dominated genetic algorithm (NAGA-II) with elite strategy was used to optimize the position and the size of the ESs. …”
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“…This study aimed to analyze the dietary intake of elite football players during their preparation phase of the season and to investigate whether there is a relationship between energy and macronutrient intake with body composition and physical performance. …”
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“…Some of the participants represented world-class level (e.g., world junior medallists), and most of them were of national elite level. Coordination tests of motor abilities were chosen for their reliability and repeatability and included tests of spatial orientation, rhythmisation of movements, balance and kinaesthetic differentiation. …”
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“…Secondly, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) optimization solution with fast nondominated ranking and elite strategy is designed, and in view of the shortcomings of traditional NSGA-II, it is proposed to complete population initialization through greedy algorithm and random rules, introduce adaptive cross-mutation strategy in the chromosome crossing and mutation stage, and design three different neighborhood operators in mutation operation based on variant fitness function. …”
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“…Based on the current findings, we may recommend for non-elite OCC(®) participants to adapt their pace to the race profile with a slower pace during uphills and a faster pace during downhills. …”
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“…Our purpose was to find the fastest race courses for elite Ironman(®) 70.3 athletes, using machine learning (ML) algorithms. …”
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“…This suggests that individuals from the South might be more suitable for selection as “elite trees” in future breeding strategies for the species. …”
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“…The following instruments were used: the Sports Commitment Questionnaire-2 CCD-2, the Brief Class Climate Scale EBCC, the analysis software LongoMatch version 1.10.1, the heart rate (HR) and the distance traveled of some participants were monitored with different Polar brand sensors (Polar H10 and Verity Sense) and two SPI-Elite GPS devices from the GPSports brand. Results show that sports commitment was increased in the experimental group. …”
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“…Our results suggest that the cost-benefit ratio does not favor the choice of micropropagated plants unless elite genotypes are used. On the contrary, our results encourage more research on grafting, including the search for suitable rootstocks for papaya.…”
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