“…Persons who are feared and stigmatized may delay seeking care and remain in the community undetected. …”
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“…Anxiety disorders are often treated using extinction-based exposure therapy, but relapse is common and can occur as a result of reinstatement, whereby an aversive “trigger” can reinstate extinguished fear. Animal models of reinstatement commonly utilize a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure, in which subjects are first trained to fear a conditional stimulus (CS) by pairing it with an aversive unconditional stimulus (US), and then extinguished by repeated presentations of the CS alone. …”
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“…In both humans and rodents, briefly reactivating a fear memory results in effective erasure by subsequent extinction training. …”
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“…Pain and fear are both aversive experiences that strongly impact on behaviour and well being. …”
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“…Decades of research have highlighted the amygdala’s influential role in fear. Surprisingly, we found that inhalation of 35% CO(2) evoked not only fear, but also panic attacks, in three rare patients with bilateral amygdala damage. …”
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“…Altogether, the combined results indicate various differences between rat strains in Pavlovian fear conditioning, nociception related behaviours and nociceptive processing. …”
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“…The purpose of this study is to determine if (AMD) and AMD-related vision loss are associated with fear of falling, an important and distinct outcome. …”
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“…Generalization of conditioned fear refers to the transfer of the conditioned fear response to stimuli that resemble the original conditioned stimulus. …”
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“…Here we show that the destabilization of a contextual fear memory is potentiated by the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist Arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA). …”
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“…In the late processing stage, the amplitudes of the parietal P3 component enhanced for both disgusted and fearful facial expressions only when the attention was focused on faces. …”
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“…We fear-conditioned 100 Long-Evans rats, attempted to extinguish fear the next day, and tested extinction recall on the third day. …”
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“…To assess the prevalence and level of dental fear among health related undergraduates and to identify factors causing such fear using Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Survey (DFS) questionnaire. …”
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“…To this end, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were repeatedly exposed (2X per day for 20 days) to a context that they were conditioned to fear (conditioned fear test, CFT). Repeated exposure to CFT produced body weight loss, adrenal hypertrophy, thymic involution, and basal corticosterone elevation. …”
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“…Fear learning and regulation is a prominent model for describing the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders and stress-related psychopathology. …”
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“…Traumatic fear memories are highly durable but also dynamic, undergoing repeated reactivation and rehearsal over time. …”
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