“…Although COVID-relief packages appeared in the form of counter-cyclical fiscal policy, Gulf states are unable to realize this policy's full potential benefits. …”
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“…Measuring price elasticities is essential because it allows: knowing the extent to which food demand reacts to price changes, anticipating changes in the quantities demanded as a result of fiscal policy changes, measuring potential substitution and complementary effects between food groups, and potential nutritional effects of fiscal policies. …”
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“…The crowding-out effect of a fiscal policy stimulus on consumption and private investments is relatively weakened when considering uncertainty risk but is more pronounced during periods of high inflation. …”
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“…The ground for the emergence of European numerical rules was laid by the establishment of the European Monetary System in the late 1970s, which resulted in the subjection of national monetary policy (and to a lesser extent, national fiscal policy) to relevant economic constraints. European numerical rules were codified and thus juridified in the Maastricht Treaty, concretised in the Stability and Growth Pact, and retooled in the wake of the financial, economic and fiscal crises of the 2010s. …”
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“…Estimating the costs of tobacco product waste to communities and responsible authorities could encourage the development of health, environmental and fiscal policy interventions and shift accountability for the costs of tobacco product waste onto the global tobacco industry. …”
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“…Finally, we find that containment and health responses can effectively mitigate risk spillovers across markets in the short term, while expansionary fiscal policy can reduce them more effectively in the medium and long term. …”
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“…Moreover, it considers the composite effect of fiscal policy and monetary policy on environmental inclusion by including interactive terms. …”
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“…We demonstrate France’s influence on EU politics based on developments in three policy fields, namely fiscal policy, competition policy, and defense industrial policy.…”
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“…Fiscal policies to improve diet are a promising strategy to address the increasing burden of non-communicable disease, the leading cause of death globally. …”
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“…Likewise, there is a need for fiscal policy measures in the sense of a socially just and ecological transformation. …”
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“…Following the approval of sustainable development goals at the global level, the link between fiscal policy, institutional quality, and economic growth has attracted special attention in economic literature. …”
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“…Interventions to enhance sexual health promotion must also include the following: advocacy for safe environments, social policy that addresses lifelong impacts of CHT, and fiscal policy that addresses economic vulnerability among women and threatens sexual health. …”
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“…The pandemic has caused a spiral of supply–demand shocks that brings about several market failures that make necessary a public intervention to assure the return to health security in the first place and then to restore economic growth and reduce unemployment. Fiscal policy has to intervene both to cover health expenses and sustain families’ income and firms’ fixed costs, and to create the basis for a future recovery through investment. …”
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“…We show that the lower constraint deepens the recession caused by the pandemic, primarily because the central bank cannot lower the policy rate further, and because fiscal policy tightens in order to ensure government debt sustainability. …”
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“…The analysis showed that regulatory and economic/fiscal policy instruments are mainly applied in tobacco and alcohol policy, while soft instruments dominate in the fields of nutrition and especially physical activity. …”
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“…The effectiveness of taxation can be measured via volumetric choice experiments, which allow for the estimation of a complete set of own-price and cross-price elasticities that are instrumental for fiscal policy simulations. Finally, the surveillance of WTS (for example, through the GTSS) is critical to informing policy and decision makers. …”
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“…Coordination between central and local governments is also needed to formulate a fiscal policy inclined toward low-carbon pathways.…”
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“…So, the empirical study of politicians’ discourse on social networks in relation to citizens’ perception of public and fiscal policies according to their political affinity is of particular interest. …”
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“…To address the growing epidemic of obesity, one option is to combine programmes that target individual behaviour change with a fiscal policy such as excise tax on SSBs. This study evaluates the literature on SSB taxes or price increases, and their potential impact on consumption levels, obesity, overweight and body mass index (BMI). …”
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“…Cumulatively over twenty years, approximately 21 000 (95% UI: 14 000–29 000) adult T2DM-related deaths, 374 000 DALYs attributed to T2DM (95% UI: 299 000–463 000) and over ZAR10 billion T2DM healthcare costs (95% UI: ZAR6.8–14.0 billion) equivalent to USD860 million (95% UI: USD570 million–USD1.2 billion) may be averted. CONCLUSION: Fiscal policy on SSBs has the potential to mitigate the diabetes epidemic in South Africa and contribute to the National Department of Health goals stated in the National NCD strategic plan.…”
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