“…The traditional virtual material method is based on the M–B fractal contact theory. By modeling the contact mechanics of the joint interface, the physical properties of the virtual material are obtained separately, such as elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio and density. …”
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“…The contact angle is negatively correlated with the surface roughness. The fractal dimension decreases with increasing pressing load. …”
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“…To investigate this question, we had observers look at omnidirectional panoramic scenes, composed of both landscape and fractal images, using a virtual reality viewer while their eye and head movements were tracked. …”
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“…The spring-block model has been related to other relevant properties of seismic phenomena, such as the fractal distribution of fault sizes, and can be combined with the work of Aki, who established an interesting relationship between the fractal dimension and the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship. …”
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“…In the process of crack propagation, the surface fractal dimension of the main crack increased, suggesting that the bending degree of the main crack enhanced. …”
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“…While several studies evaluate the impacts of the novel coronavirus pandemic on different markets, it is worth the while to also examine its contagion (fractal) effect on the top (based on their market capitalization) twenty cryptocurrency markets. …”
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“…This work includes topics such as: Approximation and Fourier Analysis; Construction of Wavelets and Frame Theory; Fractal and Multifractal Theory; Wavelets in Numerical Analysis; Time-Frequency Analysis; and Applications, particularly in image processing.…”
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“…The results show that: (1) Before the key seam fracture, the stress in the upper rock seam only changes in a small amount, and the stress in the lower rock seam evolves similarly to the single coal seam mining; when the key seam fracture is broken, the stress in the upper and lower rock seams will change by jumps. (2) The fractal dimension of the fissures rised from 1.4 to 1.5, the total area of fissures is increased from 16,638 pixels to 17,707 pixels, and the total length is increased from 2217 to 3071 pixels; after the main key layer of the overlying rock is broken, the fractal dimension of the fissures is reduced from 1.56 to 1.5, and the total area of fissures is reduced from 31,451 pixels to 29,089 pixels, the total length has increased from 5657 to 6619 pixels. (3) Before the key layer between the coal seams is broken, it will be suspended to form a "fixed beam". …”
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“…In 191 eyes without a pseudohole, the average vessel diameter increased, fractal dimension decreased and vessel tortuosity decreased with increasing ERM severity. …”
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“…Percent Coverage was calculated on the resulting image. Fractal Dimension was estimated using the box-counting method. …”
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“…The soot of the urban site showed higher loadings of Roundness and Fractal Dimension than the soot belonging to the yard and rural sites, this was due to the different life time of the particles. …”
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“…Fractal dimension of cake patches boundary falls in the range of 1–1.4 and depends on vertical position as well as time of filtration. …”
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“…Furthermore, each factor score correlated with the cortical fractal dimension in the bilateral frontotemporal regions. …”
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“…Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), low retinal vascular fractal dimension, and albuminuria are surrogates of subclinical vascular changes. …”
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“…PURPOSE: To compare changes in central retinal arterial equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), arteriovenous ratio (AVR), tortuosity and fractal dimension in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and in a control group (CG) on fundus photographs. …”
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“…Older tools such as estimates of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and estimates of the spectrum of fractal dimensions do not sufficiently answer this question…”
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“…The evaluation of the patterns was performed both visually and by means of the fractal dimension analysis. From the results, it can be inferred that the wheat cultivars differed in their pattern-forming capacities. …”
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“…Then, we extracted some chaotic features (include Higuchi's fractal dimension and Petrosian's fractal dimension) and logarithm of energy of signal. …”
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“…As the dehydrated endosperm passed from “milky” to “doughy” stages, values of fractal dimension area and endosperm perimeter as well as surface texture values showed that grain borders tended to become smoother and that there was a greater structured endosperm area (P ≤ 0.05).…”
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“…During stances on the foam pad SwDS increased fractal dimension showing higher complexity of their equilibrium system, while controls decreased sample entropy exhibiting more conscious control of posture in comparison to the stances on hard support surface. …”
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